Phytoconstituents of Selaginella effusa Alston and Their α-Glucosidase as well as Urease Inhibitory Activities
Three new compounds ( 1 – 2 , 14 ), as well as 22 known compounds ( 3 – 13 , 15 – 25 ), were extracted for the first time from the Selaginella effusa Alston ( S. effusa ). For the unknown compounds, the planar configurations were determined via NMR and by high-resolution mass spectrometry, while their absolute configurations were determined by calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD), and the configuration of the stereogenic center of biflavones 4 – 5 were established for the first time. The pure compounds ( 1 – 25 ) were tested in vitro to determine the inhibitory activity of the enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Compounds 1 – 9 inhibited α -glucosidase with IC 50 values ranging from 0.30±0.02 to 4.65±0.04 μM and kinetic analysis of enzyme inhibition indicated that biflavones 1 – 3 were mixed-type α -glucosidase inhibitors. Compounds 12 – 13 showed excellent inhibitory activity against urease, with compound 12 (IC 50 =4.38±0.31 μM) showing better inhibitory activity than the positive control drug AHA (IC 50 13.52±0.61 μM). In addition, molecular docking techniques were used to simulate inhibitor-enzyme binding and to estimate the binding posture of the α -glucosidase and urease catalytic sites. Graphical
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