In this paper, a visible light-responsive Sn 2+ and N co-doped TiO 2 photocatalyst was prepared by facile one-pot hydrothermal method. All as-prepared samples were characterized in detail by a series of characterization approaches. The results showed that the Sn 2+ and N elements were co-doped into TiO 2 , while the catalyst still maintains anatase crystal structure and gets irregular little nanocluster in diameter of 9–10 nm with higher specific surface area. The absorption edge of Sn 2+ and N co-doped TiO 2 extends to the visible light region. Compared with Sn 2+ -doped TiO 2 and N-TiO 2 , the absorption edges have obvious red-shift of about 50 and 70 nm, respectively. The synergistic effect of O 2p-N 2p and O 2p-Sn 5s hybridization to form impurity levels is the main reason for the red-shift. The hydrogen production performance of the Sn 2+ and N co-doping TiO 2 ( n (N)/ n (Ti) = 1) catalyst reached the maximum value of 0.37 mmol·h −1 ·g −1 under visible light, which is higher than that of N-doped TiO 2 and Sn 2+ -doped TiO 2 singly. This result is due to the wider visible light region-responsive ability of Sn 2+ and N co-doped into TiO 2 . Furthermore, mild hydrothermal methods will not make the Sn 2+ oxidized to Sn 4+ , which make the catalysts still maintain high photocatalytic performance. This work provides a simple and mild method for the preparation of dual-element co-doped TiO 2 with high crystallinity, excellent performance and broad application prospects. Graphic abstract
Low-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid halides, as an important branch of metal halide materials, have attracted much attention due to their excellent photoelectric properties. Herein, we designed one new hybrid cadmium chloride [C5H14NO]CdCl3 based on combinations of the d10 metal cation (Cd2+) and choline chloride molecules. [C5H14NO]CdCl3 single crystals belong to the orthorhombic Pna21 space group and show a one-dimensional (1D) structure with distorted [CdCl5O]5− octahedra. The second harmonic generation (SHG) response of [C5H14NO]CdCl3 exhibits an intensity of approximately 0.4 × KDP. Moreover, the photoluminescence properties of the [C5H14NO]CdCl3 crystal are activated by doping with Sn2+ ions having stereochemically active lone pair 5s2 electrons. Under UV excitation conditions, bright greenish-yellow light emission can be observed, and the quantum efficiency (PLQY) is as high as 91.27%. The luminescence mechanism is revealed by combining the results of temperature dependent luminescence and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. This work can serve as a guide for the design and synthesis of emerging optical materials.
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