To deal with the environmental pollution and energy crises, it is indispensable to find green and efficient means to overcome these challenges. Herein, the Sn-doped BiOI modified multi-shelled ZnO heterojunction composite with a high performance are designed and prepared. The results prove the formation of heterojunction structure in the composites and the morphology is shown as the multi-shelled microsphere. The performances of the composites are evaluated by different kinds of antibiotic degradation and H 2 -evolution under simulation sunlight irradiation. The measurements present that the Sn -BiOI/ZnO (SBZs) could completely remove ciprofloxacin (CIP) within 100 min, which is 4.18 times that of ZnO in kinetics. Typically, the degradation rate of CIP for SBZ6 is over 99.9%, which is more than 25% higher than that of pure ZnO microspheres. In addition, the rate of H 2 production could reach 3.08 mmol g −1 ∙ h −1 , which is 1.79 times of the pure ZnO microspheres. The boosted performance of the composites may originate from the enhanced electronic transmission efficiency and improved separation and recombination efficiency of electrons/holes. The charge transfer mode in the SBZs heterojunction composites is proposed and verified as the Z-scheme by the active species experimental and the possible electron transfer path analysis. Therefore, Sn -doped BiOI is introduced into multi-shelled ZnO microsphere to form contact heterojunction interfacial, which greatly improves the photocatalytic performances of the SBZs. Furthermore, this work supplies a strategy for designing and preparing highly active ZnO-based heterojunction composites, which could effectively address the challenges of environmental remediation and clean energy production.
The widespread use of antibiotics such as tetracycline has led to significant risks to both environmental sustainability and public health due to their persistence in natural water systems. In this study, Sn-doped BiOI microspheres were successfully synthesized through a simple one-step hydrothermal method to achieve enhanced photodegradation of tetracycline in aqueous solution. After 40 min of visible light irradiation, the optimal Sn-doped BiOI photocatalyst exhibited an exceptional tetracycline degradation efficiency of 82.8 %, significantly surpassing the 56.0 % efficiency of pure BiOI. To understand the origins of the enhanced catalytic behavior, a series of characterization techniques, including XRD, SEM, XPS, UV–Vis DRS, PL, and electrochemical measurements, were performed to investigate the crystal structure, morphology, surface states, light absorption properties, and charge carrier recombination and separation dynamics of the catalysts. These analyses demonstrated that Sn doping substantially modified the microscopic structure, morphology, and optical properties of BiOI, thereby greatly improving its photocatalytic efficiency. Further analysis of Sn doping effects demonstrated significant enhancement in transport and separation of photocarriers within BiOI microspheres, thereby leading to substantially improved photocatalytic performance under visible light.
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