Improving Hybrid Tin Halide Layers by Melt Assisted Annealing for Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells
Hybrid tin halides with formamidinium cations become a promising candidate for eco-friendly solar cells, which achieves the best photovoltaic performance among various lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Unfortunately, the low quality of perovskite layers and the oxidation of Sn 2+ ions degrade the performance of devices, leading to an obviously lower power conversion efficiency (PCE) compare to hybrid lead halides. Additive engineering is a facile strategy for improving the quality of perovskite layers. In this work, the 2-aminopyrazine (APZ) additive is investigated for depositing FA 0.8 PEA 0.2 SnI 2.8 Br 0.2 layers, and corresponding PSCs are examined. It is found that the melting point of APZ additives drops below the annealing temperature of perovskite layers by the intermolecular interaction with formamidinium iodide (FAI). The melt phase at the grain boundaries encourages the diffusion of ions in the annealing process, leading to an improved quality of perovskite layers. And the formation of APZ-SnI 2 complex also inhibits the oxidation of Sn 2+ ions. Consequently, the defect density and the recombination are significantly reduced in PSCs, resulting in an increase of PCEs from 11.4% to 13.0% and a simultaneous improvement of device stability. This work demonstrates a strategy for improving tin-based PSCs based on melt assisted annealing and coordination interaction.
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