ChemistrySelect
·
2024
·Vol. 9
·期 22
·e202401172
·
IF 1.9
Miao Mi,Jie Xiong,Suhong Zhang,Yidong Zhang,Xin Chen,Rong Shao,Wei Xu,Jianfei Ding
Graphical Compared to SnCl 2 and HZSM-5, SnCl 2 @HZSM-5 was a mesoporous composite, which had the most amount of total and weak acidity, and the weakest acid strength. More total acid content is beneficial to increase pentaerythritol conversion, and the weak acid can improve the selectivity of PETS, and weak acid strength is beneficial to inhibit the formation of carbon deposits. Therefore, SnCl 2 @HZSM-5 showed the highest pentaerythritol conversion, PETS selectivity and catalytic stability. The mesoporous HZSM-5 and SnCl 2 @HZSM-5 mesoporous composite were prepared by two-step crystallization and wet impregnation method, respectively. The catalytic esterification performances of SnCl 2 , HZSM-5 and SnCl 2 @HZSM-5 were compared. SnCl 2 @HZSM-5 had the most amount of total and weak acidity, and the weakest acid strength. More total acid content was beneficial to increase pentaerythritol conversion, and the weak acid could improve the selectivity of PETS, and weak acid strength was beneficial to inhibit the formation of carbon deposits. Brönsted and Lewis acid sites were present simultaneously on the SnCl 2 @HZSM-5 catalyst. Moreover, some extra Brönsted acid sites were created on the SnCl 2 @HZSM-5 catalyst, because the interaction of SnCl 2 with HZSM-5 may result in the exchange of Sn 2+ with protons. Both acid sites could catalyze the esterification reaction, and the Brönsted acid site was more beneficial to increasing PETS selectivity. Therefore, SnCl 2 @HZSM-5 showed the highest pentaerythritol conversion, PETS selectivity and catalytic stability. The generation of coke and the leaching of Sn were the main cause of catalyst deactivation. Under the optimized process conditions: 105 °C, 4.7 molar ratio of stearic acid and pentaerythritol, 1.2 wt % catalyst amount and 2.5 wt % SnCl 2 loading, after 3 h reaction time, the pentaerythritol conversion, PETS selectivity and yield was 99.3 %, 97.2 % and 96.5 %, respectively.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
催化科学
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DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2019
·
IF 3.375
Siquan Xu,Donghui Pan,Yuanfeng Wu,Ningning Xu,Hongmei Yang,Lijing Gao,Wenqi Li,Guomin Xiao
It is highly desirable to develop a heterogeneous catalyst that is both efficient and recyclable for the simultaneous acquisition of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfural from lignocellulose feedstock. Herein, a series of (x)SnCl2-PTA/β catalysts (x = 10, 15, 20, and 25 wt %) were prepared and characterized using ICP-AES, XRD, SEM, N2 adsorption–desorption, XPS, NH3-TPD, and Py-FTIR techniques. It was found that (20)SnCl2-PTA/β catalyst having a suitable acid density, acid ratio, and texture structure contributed to the furan compound formation from carbohydrate components of wheat straw. Under optimal conditions, up to 71% of furfural and 30% of HMF were simultaneously obtained from wheat straw in a water/tetrahydrofuran biphasic system, while the byproducts formed were identified as soluble C4–C15 molecules and insoluble humins. More importantly, the (20)SnCl2-PTA/β catalyst was still capable of providing moderate furan compounds yields after four cycles, and its catalytic performance could be partially restored by simple reimpregnation.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
可再生能源
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEMISTRY
·
2021
·Vol. 25
·期 3
·1111-1120
·
IF 2.647
Wang Zhiwei,Ru Juanjian,Hua Yixin,Bu Jiaojiao,Geng Xiao,Zhang Wenwen
Tin (Sn) powders with pyramid chain and dendrite structures are successfully prepared by electrodeposition in choline chloride-ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvent (ChCl-EG DES) at 343 K. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrates that increasing SnCl 2 concentration from 30 to 70 mM is favorable for the reduction of Sn(II) ions to metallic Sn on Ni electrode. The roles of current density (10–30 mA·cm −2 ) and SnCl 2 concentration (30–70 mM) on the current efficiency and energy consumption are discussed during the electrodeposition of Sn powders. Experimental results show that the current efficiency and energy consumption are 88.7% and 347.1 kW·h·t −1 , respectively at 20 mA·cm −2 and 50 mM SnCl 2 . Besides, the micromorphology and crystal structure of Sn powders are analyzed by FESEM and XRD. Morphology analysis manifests that pyramid chains and dendrites in length of 30–220 μm are the dominate morphologies and the formation mechanism of the pyramid chain is also discussed. Moreover, XRD analysis and crystal texture reveal that metallic Sn is obtained with a body-centered tetragonal crystal structure. The (101) plane is the preferred at higher current density, while the (200) plane gets the strongly preferred orientation as SnCl 2 concentration increases. Graphical abstract
Sn powders electrodeposited from SnCl 2 -ChCl-EG solution and growth mechanism of the pyramid chain structure.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
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DOI
高影响因子
Scientific Reports
·
2021
·Vol. 11
·期 1
·1-12
·
IF 4.38
Tian Ying,Guo Ning,Wang Wen-Yi,Geng Wenming,Jing Li-Chao,Wang Tao,Yuan Xiao-Tong,Zhu Zeru,Ma Yicheng,Geng Hong-Zhang
Graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have their own advantages in electrical, optical, thermal and mechanical properties. An effective combination of these materials is ideal for preparing transparent conductive films to replace the traditional indium tin oxide films. At present, the preparation conditions of rGO are usually harsh and some of them have toxic effects. In this paper, an SnCl 2 /ethanol solution was selected as the reductant because it requires mild reaction conditions and no harmful products are produced. The whole process of rGO preparation was convenient, fast and environmentally friendly. Then, SEM, XPS, Raman, and XRD were used to verify the high reduction efficiency. CNTs were introduced to improve the film conductive property. The transmittance and sheet resistance were the criteria used to choose the reduction time and the content ratios of GO/CNT. Thanks to the post-treatment of nitric acid, not only the by-product (SnO 2 ) and dispersant in the film are removed, but also the doping effect occurs, which are all conducive to reducing the sheet resistances of films. Ultimately, by combining rGO, GO and CNTs, transparent conductive films with a bilayer and three-dimensional structure were prepared, and they exhibited high transmittance and low sheet resistance (58.8 Ω/sq. at 83.45 T%, 47.5 Ω/sq. at 79.07 T%), with corresponding \({{\sigma_{dc} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\sigma_{dc} } {\sigma_{opt} }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\sigma_{opt} }}\) values of 33.8 and 31.8, respectively. In addition, GO and rGO can modify the surface and reduce the film surface roughness. The transparent conductive films are expected to be used in photoelectric devices.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光电材料
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2022
·
IF 10.723
Yan Sun,Yuan Yang,Lingling Fan,Wenfeng Zheng,Dezhan Ye,Jie Xu
Polypyrrole (PPy)/bacterial cellulose (BC) composite membranes are a promising kind of lightweight and flexible electrodes for supercapacitors . Herein, we explored a facile and efficient electrostatic self-assembly approach to uniformly depositing anion-doped PPy onto positively charged SnCl 2 -modifed BC (SBC). The obtained PPy@SBC electrode exhibited a high areal capacitance of 5718 mF cm −2 at a current density of 0.5 mA cm −2 , a desirable capacitance retention of 83.1% at 5.0 mA cm −2 and excellent cycling stability (a capacitance retention of 86.8% after 10,000 cycles at 10 mA cm −2 ). A symmetric flexible supercapacitor was further assembled with the PPy@SBC electrodes, which delivered outstanding mechanical flexibility with negligible capacitance decay under different bent states. This study shows impressive potential in fabricating high-performance electrodes for flexible supercapacitors.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
·
能源存储
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
·
2019
·
IF 5.155
Kedong Xia,Li Qu,Xiao Liu,Huijuan Han,Zhenyu Hou,Yunling Li,Shaoxin Deng
Sn/SiOC composites with varying Sn content were prepared by the sol–gel method with phenyltriethoxysilane (PhTES) and Tin(II) chloride dihydrate (SnCl 2 ·2H 2 O) as precursors. The effect of SnCl 2 addition on the microstructure, morphology and lithium storage performance of SiOC anodes was investigated. Incorporation of SnCl 2 not only reduces carbon-contained units of SiOC ceramics, but also increases the oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of carbon during the pyrolysis conversion. The formation of Sn involves carbothermal reduction reaction of SnO 2 with the free carbon, and the degree of carbothermal reduction increases with the increase of Sn/Si ratio, which results in the reduction of carbon content and destruction of SiOC matrix. The size of Sn nanograins increases from 20 nm to 450 nm with the increasing Sn/Si ratio. The rate capability of Sn/SiOC composites increases first and then decreases with the increase of Sn content. The SiOC and Sn-PhTES-0.15 derived Sn/SiOC composite exhibit better electrochemical performance, which delivers a stable reversible capacity of 485 mAh g −1 and 411 mAh g −1 , respectively at 186 mA g −1 after 250 cycles. The uniform dispersed Sn nanograins (below 20 nm), Si O C structure units and the free carbon phase both contribute to better electrochemical properties. However, the free carbon provides a higher reversible capacity than that of Sn and Si O C units, which results in the inferior lithium storage capacity of Sn/SiOC composites.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源存储
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DOI
高影响因子
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
·
2026
·
IF 3.3
Xing-Yu Bi,Yuting Gao,Chenyuan Ma,Zhi Fang,Mei-Hong Duan
Designing birefringent crystals with wide band gap presents significant challenges, especially within chalcogenide systems. Herein, motivated by the high structural anisotropy of thiourea, along with the ultraviolet compatibility and birefringence activity of halogenated tin(II)-based anionic groups, SnCl2[SC(NH2)2], a novel molecular crystal, was discovered. SnCl2[SC(NH2)2] was characterized by a bench-shaped molecule structure which is formed by the sharing of sulfur anion between a distorted SnCl2S trigonal pyramid and a planar π-conjugated thiourea unit. Through the synergistic interactions among multiple functional groups and the auxiliary regulation of hydrogen bonds, SnCl2[SC(NH2)2] succeeded in breaking the “3 eV wall” with a band gap of 3.362 eV and achieved a large birefringence of 0.20@546 nm, demonstrating a facile design strategy for the development of chalcogenides with dual optical enhancement.
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PubMed
高影响因子
Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers
·
2022
·Vol. 9
·期 6
·1143-1151
·
IF 7.779
Qian Di,Xixia Zhao,Wenjing Zhu,Yiliang Luan,Zhen Hou,Xiaokun Fan,Yan Zhou,Shutao Wang,Zewei Quan,Jun Zhang
This article proposes a general approach for the preparation of intermetallic nanoparticles of Pt3Sn, PtSn, PtSn2, and PtSn4, triggered by hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) in conjunction with SnCl2. The ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) tests demonstrate the improved specific activity of PtxSny intermetallic nanoparticles (PtxSny), due to the lower binding energy between carbon monoxide (CO) and PtxSny, the oxidation state of Sn, and the presence of Pt–Sn bonds on the surface. Strikingly, PtSn with an optimized Pt : Sn ratio of 1 : 1 holds superior EOR performance and stability to other PtxSny intermetallics. In addition, PtxSny intermetallic nanoparticles including PtSn, PtSn2, and even the most Sn-rich PtSn4 hold a higher specific current density than the commercial Pt/C after a long-term test, showing the enhanced stability for the EOR. Furthermore, this method was also successfully extended to the synthesis of other Sn-containing intermetallic nanoparticles, such as Ag3Sn and Cu6Sn5.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
·
纳米技术
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DOI
高影响因子
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS
·
2024
·
IF 15.7
Zhounan Yu,Leilei Zhang,Yuanlong Tan,Rizheng Jing,Hongchen Cao,Caiyi Lou,Rile Ge,Junhu Wang,Aiqin Wang,Tao Zhang
Rh-P complexes have been widely used as catalysts for hydroformylation reactions. The extremely high price of Rh and its scarce reserves have prompted the exploration of the alternatives. In this study, we reported that Pt/PS-PPh 2 single-atom catalysts promoted by SnCl 2 were highly efficient and selective for the hydroformylation of higher α-alkenes. A broad scope of substrates (i.e., C 6 –C 12 ) were smoothly converted to the corresponding linear aldehydes with high yields under reaction conditions of 90–120 °C and 4–6 MPa syngas . The turnover frequency (TOF) was comparable to homogeneous Pt-Sn catalysts, and the linear/branched ratio reached as high as > 20. In addition, the catalyst could be reused with the extra addition of SnCl 2 . The promotional role of SnCl 2 was elucidated by quasi- in situ X-ray adsorption fine structure, Fourier transform infrared, and Mössbauer spectroscopy . It was discovered that SnCl 2 was transformed into Sn(dioxane)Cl 3 − species coordinated to Pt as a moderately electron-donating ligand, which, together with the phosphine group, stabilized mononuclear Pt (I) species against reduction and aggregation.
研究领域:
催化化学
·
材料科学
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DOI
高影响因子
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
·
2021
·Vol. 45
·期 35
·15901-15911
·
IF 3.591
Xiao-yi Liu,Xiu-ping Li,Rong-xiang Zhao,Hao Zhang
Silica gel containing SnCl2-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were synthesized by a sol–gel method using SnCl2-based DESs as the loading component. The n%-SnO2/SiO2 (n = 2, 4, 6) supported catalyst was obtained by calcination of silica gel containing SnCl2-based DESs at high temperature. n%-SnO2/SiO2 was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption–desorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A catalytic oxidation desulfurization system with 4%-SnO2/SiO2 as the catalyst and H2O2 as the oxidant was applied to remove organic sulfide in model oil. Compared with the traditional impregnation method, the catalyst synthesized using the sol–gel method showed higher oxidative desulfurization activity. The effects of various factors including loading dose of SnO2, temperature, O/S molar ratio, catalyst dosage, and different sulfides on the desulfurization rate were investigated. The experimental results indicate that the desulfurization rate of dibenzothiophene (DBT), 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) and benzothiophene (BT) can reach 99.5%, 81.6% and 22.4%, respectively, under the optimal reaction conditions. The desulfurization activity of 4%-SnO2/SiO2 is above 90% after recycling 5 times.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
·
环境科学
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DOI
高影响因子
TALANTA
·
2017
·
IF 4.162
Yamin Fu,Lu Wang,Yinghao Duan,Lina Zou,Baoxian Ye
A one-step and facile method using SnCl 2 ·H 2 O as reducing agent to reduce graphene oxide (GO) was performed in the aid of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) solution (PDDA). SnCl 2 ·H 2 O is not only a reducing agent for graphene oxide (GO), but also a precursor of SnO 2 . SnO 2 -PDDA-GR composite was characterized by various surface, structural and electrochemical analysis techniques, such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV spectrum (UV–vis), Infrared Spectrum (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Cyclic voltammograms (CV) and electrochemical impedance (EIS). The SnO 2 -PDDA-GR composite was used to constructed electrochemical sensor (SnO 2 -PDDA-GR/GCE) for the determination of daidzein . Under the optimized experimental condition, it was found that the response of peak current is linear to the concentration of daidzein in the ranges of 2.0×10 −8 −1.0×10 −6 mol L −1 , and the detection limit was estimated to be 6.7×10 −9 mol L −1 (S/N=3). Furthermore, this sensor was successfully applied for the determination of daidzein in traditional Chinese medicine (pueraria lobata) and Daidzein tablets.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
·
分析化学
·
药物分析
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）