Sophocarpine (SOP) is a tetracyclic quinolizidine alkaloid isolated from Sophora alopecuroides L. A number of studies have shown that SOP has anti-inflammatory actions and protects against a variety of tissue and organ injuries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of SOP on LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. Lung histological alterations, edema, and MPO activity were measured in this study. Furthermore, the production of inflammatory cytokines and the expression of NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways were measured. The results showed that the LPS-induced lung histological alterations, edema, protein concentration, inflammatory cell level in BALF, MDA content, and MPO activity were significantly attenuated by SOP. The LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were also inhibited by SOP. SOP also inhibited the LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-8 production in A549 cells. Western blot analysis demonstrated that SOP remarkably inhibited the phosphorylation of IκBα and NF-κB. LPS-induced MAPKs activation and TLR4 expression were also suppressed by treatment with SOP. In conclusion, the results indicate that SOP protects against LPS-induced ALI by inhibiting TLR4 signaling pathway.
F. L. Wang,H. Wang,J. H. Wang,D. X. Wang,Y. Gao,B. Yang,H. J. Yang,Y. B. Ji,G. S. Xin
Sophora viciifolia Hance is an edible plant used in traditional Chinese medicine. Sophocarpine, a tetracyclic quinolizidine alkaloid, is one of the most abundant active ingredients in Sophora viciifolia Hance. Here, we study the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as the acute toxicity of sophocarpine from Sophora viciifolia Hance in mice. Sophocarpine (20, 40, and 80 mg/kgbw) significantly prolonged the delay period before a hot plate reaction occurred (all ), and the delay before a tail-flick response was induced by a warm bath (; ). Sophocarpine (40, 80 mg/kg) resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of the writhing reaction induced by acetic acid in mice (; , respectively). Sophocarpine (80 mg/kg) reduced the total duration of a formalin-induced pain response (). Sophocarpine prolonged the foot-licking latency of mice after the hot plate reaction, and this effect was antagonized by calcium chloride and enhanced by verapamil. Sophocarpine (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) significantly inhibited xylene-induced ear edema (; ; , respectively) and the penetration of acetic acid-induced dye into the peritoneal cavity (; ; , respectively). It also reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and prostaglandin E2 (, , ) and those of serum nitric oxide (). The results of this study suggest that sophocarpine possesses certain analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, which may be related to calcium and inhibition of the secretion of inflammatory factors.
We presented to fabricate the electrodeposition of the film of reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) with preferred vertical orientation on the glassy carbon electrode through pulse potential method (PPM). The ERGO film were characterized by electrochemical methods and scanning electron microscopy. For the first time, the electrodeposition of the film was applied to develop a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for determination of sophocarpine. The electrochemical behavior of sophocarpine was then studied by cyclic voltammetry. The results revealed that the ERGO film can effectively increase response toward the oxidation of sophocarpine by greatly enhancing the oxidation peak currents and decrease the overpotential of sophocarpine. Under the selected conditions, the sensor showed good amperometric response for sophocarpine within a wide linear range from 1.0 × 10−6 to 1.0 × 10−4 mol L−1 and a low detection limit of 3.0 × 10−7 mol L−1. At the same time, the method was also successfully applied to the quantitative determination of sophocarpine in spiked human urine and its result was satisfactory.
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