The inadequate sanitation, global warming, and dwindling natural oil reserves pose significant threats to global sustainable growth. With this objective, biomass availability for bioenergy production could be ensured alternately by exploring non-conventional plant species and algae. This idea was examined by growing divergent plants and algae species separately in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands and raceway ponds, later collected their biomass for bioethanol determination. Through this approach, sewage was fed to constructed wetlands and raceway ponds as influent and passed through these cultivated systems for wastewater treatment. Although all the four plant and algae species showed efficient results in sewage treatment, however, Ipomoea aquatica and Spirogyra were statistically superior to the others and produced the highest biomass yield of 4.5 and 4.1 kg m −2 , respectively. For bioethanol production, alkali–autohydrolysis combined pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis with two successive incubation periods (12 and 24 h) were employed. Results suggested that Spirogyra biomass rendered greater carbohydrate and ethanol concentration (3.7 and 1.9 mg L −1 , respectively) during 24 hours of incubation, whereas Oryza sativa acquired similar carbohydrate concentration as Spirogyra but slightly lower bioethanol yield. This study postulates, Spirogyra is promising for wastewater treatment coupled with bioethanol production. Graphical abstract
Open raceway pond and constructed wetland coupled with wastewater treatment and bio-ethanol production
Sun Mingyang,Hu Ziyan,Liu Yilang,Lv Chenyan,Zhang Tuo,Zhao Guanghua,Zang Jiachen
Efficient noble-metal-free photosynthesis systems for CO 2 conversion based on earth-abundant elements have been largely unexplored. On the other hand, large quantities of bovine blood as waste byproducts during meat processing pose environmental challenges. To address these concerns, herein we report a biomimetic photocatalytic platform constructed by hemoglobin, a major component in bovine blood, which structurally and functionally emulates the fibrous chloroplasts of Spirogyra . Under denaturing conditions, hemoglobin molecules self-assemble into heme-containing amyloid-like fibrils, in which the intrinsic heme groups serve as visible-light photosensitizers. Subsequently, iron-based catalytic cores are uniformly deposited along the protein fibrils, generating a hierarchical architecture that integrates heme as a light-harvesting domain and iron cores as catalytic functionalities within a single scaffold. This spatially organized system effectively shortens electron transfer distances and promotes interfacial charge migration. Consequently, the as-prepared biomimetic assembly exhibits efficient visible-light-driven CO 2 reduction to formic acid with high activity and selectivity as compared to conventional homogeneous systems. Notably, this work not only provides a noble-metal-free strategy for constructing integrated photocatalytic systems but also demonstrates a viable pathway for transforming biological waste into high-value functional materials.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）