Insect Science
·
2015
·Vol. 24
·期 4
·543-558
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IF 2.144
Qin-Hui Zhang,Zhong-Nan Wu,Jing-Jiang Zhou,Yong-Jun Du
Olfaction is primarily mediated by highly specified olfactory receptors (ORs). Here, we cloned and identified an olfactory receptor, named SlituOR1 (Genbank no. JN835269), from Spodoptera litura and found evidence that it is a candidate pheromone receptor. It exhibited male-biased expression in the antennae, where it was localized at the base of sensilla trichoidea, the antennal sensilla mainly responsive to pheromones in moths. Conserved orthologues of this receptor, found among known pheromone receptors within the Lepidoptera, and SlituOR1 were placed among a clade of candidate pheromone receptors in a phylogeny tree of insect OR gene sequences. SlituOR1 showed differential expression in S. litura populations attracted to traps baited with different ratios of the two sex pheromone components (9 Z ,11 E )-tetradecadienyl acetate ( Z 9 E 11-14:OAc) and (9 Z ,12 E )-tetradecadienyl acetate ( Z 9 E 12-14:OAc). Knocking down of SlituOR1 by RNA interference reduced the electroantennogram (EAG) response to Z 9 E 11-14:OAc, and this result is consistent with the field trapping experiment. We infer that variation in transcription levels of olfactory receptors may modulate sex pheromone perception in male moths and could provide some of the flexibility required to maintain the functionality of communication with females when a population is adapting to a new niche and reproductive isolation becomes an advantage.
研究领域:
昆虫学
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分子生物学
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PubMed
高影响因子
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
·
2023
·Vol. 79
·期 8
·2713-2724
·
IF 4.1
Lang Ming,Yuan-Wen Du,Ge-Ge Yuan,Qi Su,Xiao-Bing Shi,Huan Yu,Gong Chen
Background Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are important self-defense outputs of pepper plants to resist insect pests. Ascoviruses are pathogenic to the larvae of most lepidopteran vegetable pests. However, whether Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h)-infected Spodoptera litura larvae can change pepper leaf HIPVs is not well understood. RESULTS Spodoptera litura larvae preferred S. litura -infested leaves, and this preference was stronger with longer duration of S. litura infestation. In addition, S. litura larvae significantly chose pepper leaves damaged by HvAV-3h-infected S. litura over the healthy pepper leaves. Results also showed that S. litura larvae preferred leaves mechanically damaged and treated with oral secretions from HvAV-3h infected- S. litura larvae in a simulation test. We captured the volatiles emitted by leaves under six treatments. Results showed that the volatile profile changed with the different treatments. Testing of volatile blends, prepared to the proportion released showed that the blend from simulated HvAV-3h-infected S. litura larvae-damaged plants was the most attractive to S. litura larvae. Further, we also found that some of the compounds significantly attracted S. litura larvae at specific concentrations. CONCLUSION HvAV-3h-infected S. litura can alter the release of HIPVs in pepper plants and thus become more attractive to S. litura larvae. We speculate that this may be due to alterations in the concentration of some compounds (such as geranylacetone and prohydrojasmon) affecting the behavior of S. litura larvae. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
研究领域:
植物学
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昆虫学
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生态学
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PubMed
高影响因子
PLoS One
·
2015
·Vol. 10
·期 6
·e0131407
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IF 3.234
Xinda Lin,Qinhui Zhang,Zhongnan Wu,Yongjun Du
Olfaction is primarily mediated by highly specific olfactory receptors (ORs), a subfamily of which are the pheromone receptors that play a key role in sexual communication and can contribute to reproductive isolation. Here we cloned and identified an olfactory receptor, SlituOR3 (Genbank NO. JN835270), from Spodoptera litura , to be the candidate pheromone receptor. It exhibited male-biased expression in the antennae, where they were localized at the base of sensilla trichoidea. Conserved orthologues of these receptors were found amongst known pheromone receptors within the Lepidoptera, and SlituOR3 were placed amongst a clade of candidate pheromone receptors in a phylogeny tree of insect ORs. SlituOR3 is required for the EAG responses to both Z9E11-14:OAc and Z9E12-14:OAc SlituOR3 showed differential expression in S . litura populations attracted to traps baited with a series of sex pheromone blends composed of different ratios of (9Z,11E)-tetradecadienyl acetate (Z9E11-14:OAc) and (9Z,12E)-tetradecadienyl acetate (Z9E12-14:OAc). The changes in the expression level of SlitOR3 and antennal responses after SlitOR3 silencing suggested that SlitOR3 is required for the sex pheromone signaling. We infer that variation in transcription levels of olfactory receptors may modulate sex pheromone perception in male moths and could affect both of pest control and monitoring efficiency by pheromone application after long time mass trapping with one particular ratio of blend in the field.
研究领域:
昆虫学
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分子生物学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
·
2022
·Vol. 112
·期 2
·e21970
·
IF 2.454
Pan Zhang,Zi-Yan Liu,Dan Yu,Cui-Xian Xu,Yan Hu,Ya-Ping Liang,Jie Jin,Ming Li
Microplitis bicoloratus parasitism can induce apoptosis of hemocytes in the M. bicolortus host, Spodoptera litura . However, it is unclear how M. bicolortus parasitism regulates host signaling pathways to induce apoptosis. Expression of cyclophilin D (CypD) and p53 was significantly upregulated in S. litura hemocytes at 6 days postparasitization. In the parasitized hemocytes, there was mitochondrial membrane potential (△Ψ m ) loss, cytochrome c (Cyt C) release from mitochondria, and caspase-3 activation. These occurred while hemocytes were undergoing upregulation of CypD and p53. Parasitism also promoted the interaction between CypD and p53. CypD silencing could rescue the apoptotic phenotypes induced by parasitism, but had no effect on apoptosis in unparasitized S. litura . These findings suggest that the CypD-p53 pathway may be an important component of the parasitism-induced immunosuppressive response and establish a basis for further studies of parasitoid/host interactions. Research highlights Microplitis bicoloratus parasitism upregulates the expression of CypD and p53 and induces host hemocyte apoptosis. M. bicoloratus parasitism promotes the CypD-p53 interaction, resulting in Cyt C release from mitochondria and caspase-3 activation.
研究领域:
昆虫学
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分子生物学
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免疫学
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PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
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2023
·Vol. 24
·期 17
·13177
·
IF 5.6
Tao Xia,Yan Liu,Zhanjun Lu,Haizhong Yu
Coumarin and its derivatives are plant-derived compounds that exhibit potent insecticidal properties. In this study, we found that natural coumarin significantly inhibited the growth and development ofSpodoptera lituralarvae through toxicological assay. By transcriptomic sequencing, 80 and 45 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to detoxification were identified from 0 to 24 h and 24 to 48 h inS. lituraafter coumarin treatment, respectively. Enzyme activity analysis showed that CYP450 and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities significantly decreased at 48 h after coumarin treatment, while glutathioneS-transferases (GST) activity increased at 24 h. Silencing ofSlCYP324A16gene by RNA interference significantly increasedS. lituralarval mortality and decreased individual weight after treatment with coumarin. Additionally, the expression levels of DEGs involved in glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were inhibited at 24 h after coumarin treatment, while their expression levels were upregulated at 48 h. Furthermore, metabonomics analysis identified 391 differential metabolites involved in purine metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and TCA cycle from 0 to 24 h after treated with coumarin and 352 differential metabolites associated with ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and amino acid metabolism. These results provide an in-depth understanding of the toxicological mechanism of coumarin onS. litura.Keywords:Spodoptera litura;coumarin;transcriptome sequencing;metabolome sequencing;RNA interference
研究领域:
昆虫学
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毒理学
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分子生物学
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生物化学
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PubMed
高影响因子
Frontiers in Physiology
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2018
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IF 3.394
Shu Benshui,Zhang Jingjing,Cui Gaofeng,Sun Ranran,Yi Xin,Zhong Guohua
Azadirachtin, the environmentally friendly botanical pesticide, has been used as an antifeedant and pest growth regulator in integrated pest management for decades. It has shown strong biological activity against Spodoptera litura, but the mechanism of toxicity remains unclear. The present study showed that azadirachtin inhibited the growth of S. litura larvae, which was resulted by structure destroy and size inhibition of the midgut. Digital gene expression (DGE) analysis of midgut suggested that azadirachtin regulated the transcriptional level of multiple unigenes involved in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and calcium apoptotic signaling pathways. Simultaneously, the expression patterns of some differentially expressed unigenes were verified by quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR). In addition, the enhanced terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, the increased expression of caspase family members and apoptosis-binding motif 1 (IBM1) on both gene and protein level and the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytoplasm were induced in midgut after azadirachtin treatment. These results demonstrated that azadirachtin induced structural alteration in S. litura larval midgut by apoptosis activation. These alterations may affect the digestion and absorption of nutrients and eventually lead to the growth inhibition of larvae.
研究领域:
昆虫学
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分子生物学
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害虫管理
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
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2022
·Vol. 78
·期 11
·4859-4870
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IF 4.462
Ge-Ge Yuan,Lin-Chao Zhao,Yuan-Wen Du,Huan Yu,Xiao-Bin Shi,Wen-Chao Chen,Gong Chen
BACKGROUND Resistance to insect pests is an important self-defense characteristic of pepper plants. However, the resistance of different pepper cultivars to Spodoptera litura larvae, one of the main insect pest species on pepper, is not well understood. RESULTS Among seven pepper cultivars evaluated, cayenne pepper ‘FXBX’ showed the highest repellency to third instar S. litura larvae, Chao tian chili pepper ‘BLTY2’ showed the lowest repellency. Plant volatiles (1-hexene, hexanal, β -ionone, ( E , E )-2,6-nonadienal, and methyl salicylate) affected host selection by S. litura . Among these, 1-hexene, hexanal, and β -ionone at concentrations naturally-released by pepper leaves were found to repel S . litura . Interestingly, S. litura larvae fed on the larva-attracting pepper cultivar, (BLTY2) had an extended developmental period, which was about 13 days longer than larvae fed on FXBX. Besides, the survival rate of larvae fed on BLTY2 was 22.5 ± 0.0%, indicating that the leaves of BLTY2 can kill S. litura larvae. Correlation analysis showed that larval survival rate, emergence rate, female adult longevity, and pupal weight were positively correlated with the vitamin C, amino acids, protein, cellulose, and soluble sugar contents, but were negatively correlated with wax and flavonoids contents. CONCLUSION We identified two different modes of direct defense exhibited by pepper cultivars against S. litura . One involves the release of repellent volatiles to avoid been fed on (FXBX cultivar). The other involves the inhibition of the growth and development or the direct killing of S. litura larvae which feeds on it (BLTY2 cultivar). © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
研究领域:
植物学
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昆虫学
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农业科学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Insects
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2022
·Vol. 13
·期 8
·701
·
IF 3.139
Xue Pan,Yanfang Pei,Cuici Zhang,Yaling Huang,Ling Chen,Liqiong Wei,Chuanren Li,Xiaolin Dong,Xiang Chen
Simple SummaryThe tobacco cutworm,Spodoptera litura(F.), exemplifies strong reproductive capacities and damages many agricultural crops. The insulin signaling pathway is known as a key determinant of female reproduction in insects. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms in these processes are poorly studied. Here, we injected bovine insulin into the newly emerged moth, resulting in gene expression changes in the insulin pathway, while knockdown ofSlInRcaused an inverse gene expression change involved in the insulin pathway. Further studies indicated that the content of JH-III, Vg, total proteins and triacylgycerol could be suppressed bySlInRdsRNA injection. Furthermore, stunted ovaries and lower fecundity were observed by RNAi. Our studies indicated that SlInR plays a key role in JH-III synthesis and the ovarian development inS. litura.AbstractInsulin signaling can regulate various physiological functions, such as energy metabolism and reproduction and so on, in many insects, including mosquito and locust. However, the molecular mechanism of this physiological process remains elusive. The tobacco cutworm,Spodoptera litura, is one of the most important pests of agricultural crops around the world. In this study, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (SlPI3K), protein kinase B (SlAKT), target of rapamycin (SlTOR), ribosomal protein S6 kinase (SlS6K) and transcription factor cAMP-response element binding protein (SlCREB) genes, except transcription factor forkhead box class O (SlFoxO), can be activated by bovine insulin injection. Then, we studied the influence of the insulin receptor gene (SlInR) on the reproduction ofS. liturausing RNA interference technology. qRT-PCR analysis revealed thatSlInRwas most abundant in the head. TheSlPI3K,SlAKT,SlTOR,SlS6KandSlCREBgenes were decreased, exceptSlFoxO,after theSlInRgene knockdown. Further studies revealed that the expression of vitellogenin mRNA and protein, Methoprene-tolerant gene (SlMet), could be down-regulated by the injection of dsRNA ofSlInRsignificantly. Furthermore, a depletion in the insulin receptor by RNAi significantly decreased the content of juvenile hormone III (JH-III), total proteins and triacylgycerol. These changes indicated that a lack ofSlInRcould impair ovarian development and decrease fecundity inS. litura. Our studies contribute to a comprehensive insight into reproduction, regulated by insulin and the juvenile hormone signaling pathway through nutrition, and a provide theoretical basis for the reproduction process in pest insects.Keywords:insulin pathway;juvenile hormone;reproduction;vitellogenin;nutrition
研究领域:
昆虫学
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分子生物学
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农业科学
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PubMed
高影响因子
CROP PROTECTION
·
2017
·
IF 1.834
Xuegui Wang,Qian Huang,Qiang Hao,Shuang Ran,Yaqiong Wu,Peng Cui,Jing Yang,Chunxian Jiang,Qunfang Yang
Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) is a widely distributed worldwide insect pest , particularly of vegetable crops . To determine the sensitivity of S. litura to insecticides , the toxicities of beta-cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos , emamectin benzoate, methoxyfenozide, and indoxacarb were tested from 2014 to 2016 using a diet incorporation assay on populations of S. litura collected from different districts in Sichuan Province and a susceptible strain (Lab-HN). Compared to the Lab-HN strain, field populations showed high levels of resistance to beta-cypermethrin (267.3- to 1789.2-fold). Field populations exhibited low or moderate resistance to chlorpyrifos in 2014 (8.9- to 24.4-fold) and high levels in 2016 (440.5- to 950.5-fold). All populations collected in 2014 and 2016 were susceptible or had a low or moderate level of resistance to indoxacarb (2.2- to 31.0-fold). No field populations exhibited resistance to emamectin benzoate or methoxyfenozide (0.7- to 1.5-fold and 0.9- to 1.4- fold) in 2014, whereas the resistance in 2016 increased to 29.8- to 55.2-fold and 38.1- to 59.0- fold, respectively. A synergist experiment indicated that the Lab-HN strain and field-collected population from Shuangliu in 2016 (SL16 population) to beta-cypermethrin may be related to cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), with the highest synergism ratios (SR) of piperonyl butoxide (PBO) of 34.4- and 73.3-fold, but not to carboxylesterase (CarE) or glutathione-S- transferase (GST). We detected the activities of detoxification enzymes and found that the ethoxycoumarin O -deethylase activities were also the strongest in the Lab-HN strain and the SL16 population with the highest SR values of 2.6- and 4.1-fold, respectively. Non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (native PAGE) indicated that the inhibition of in vivo P450 activity caused by PBO was due to the binding of the synergist to the E5 or E6 isozyme , which were absent in the Lab-HN strain.
研究领域:
昆虫学
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害虫管理
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毒理学
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生物化学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 6.2
Ming-Hui Yi,Heng-Ji Wang,Bing-Jie Wang,Meng-Yu Wang,Zi Tang,Qing-Qi Meng,Yao Shi,Wen-Lin Li,Xiao-Lan Liao,Li Shi
Tiorantraniliprole is a novel diamide insecticide, and the resistance level and mechanism of Spodoptera litura to tiorantraniliprole and the multiresistance mechanism with other diamide insecticides are still unknown. In this study, bioassays showed that field S. litura developed high and medium levels of resistance to tiorantraniliprole, chlorantraniliprole, and cyantraniliprole. Enzyme activity and synergist bioassay indicated that P450s was the main factor leading to metabolic resistance to tiorantraniliprole. Transcriptome sequencing and qPCR showed that CYP6B50 was upregulated by tiorantraniliprole induction and overexpressed in the field-resistant strain. RNA interference and transgenic fruit fly indicated that CYP6B50 was involved in multiresistance to tiorantraniliprole, chlorantraniliprole, and cyantraniliprole. In addition, a target mutation site I4723M in RyR was detected in the field-resistant strain. Further genetic crossing and insecticides docking confirmed that the I4723M mutation involved in chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole resistance also mediated resistance to tiorantraniliprole. This study comprehensively elucidated the mechanisms of resistance to diamide insecticides from both metabolic and target-site resistance in S. litura.
研究领域:
昆虫学
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分子生物学
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农药科学
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PubMed
高影响因子
Insects
·
2026
·Vol. 17
·期 6
·535
·
IF 3
Zhandi Wang,Junying Liu,Yandan Wang,Weili Dai,Yinglan Dai,Lin Jia,Weifeng Ding
Simple SummaryInvasive plants often produce chemical compounds that help them compete in new environments, and some of these compounds can harm insect pests. Understanding how these compounds affect insects could help us develop safer, more environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional chemical pesticides. In this study, we investigated how a compound called 6-methoxyluteolin, extracted from the invasive plantTithonia diversifolia(Mexican sunflower), affects the integument of the agricultural pestSpodoptera litura(common cutworm) at different stages of larval development. We found that this compound reduced the activity of a key pigment-forming enzyme and decreased melanin levels in the larval integument across multiple developmental stages. Histological analysis further revealed progressive thinning and structural disorganization of the outer cuticle layer with increasing compound concentration. These results suggest that 6-methoxyluteolin disrupts the melanization process essential for cuticle integrity in insect larvae, and support its potential as a targeted botanical insecticide.The invasive plantTithonia diversifoliais a promising source of botanical insecticides, yet the mechanisms by which its active compounds impair insect physiology remain incompletely characterized. This study investigated the effects of 6-methoxyluteolin (6-ML), a flavonoid isolated fromT. diversifolia, on melanization and cuticle integrity inSpodoptera lituralarvae. Cuticle melanization, mediated by tyrosinase-catalyzed oxidation of tyrosine-derived substrates, is essential for cuticle sclerotization and immune defense in insects. Whether 6-ML directly targets this pathway has not been previously examined at the biochemical and histological level. Tyrosinase activity and melanin content were measured across 3rd–6th-instar larvae exposed to a concentration gradient of 6-ML (1.625–100 μg/mL). Histological sections of 4th- and 5th-instar larvae were prepared by paraffin embedding and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. 6-ML significantly reduced tyrosinase activity and melanin content in a concentration-dependent manner across all instars examined. Histological analysis revealed progressive cuticle thinning and loss of pigmentation granules with increasing 6-ML concentration. These findings provide the first biochemical and histological evidence that 6-ML targets the melanization pathway inS. litura, supporting its potential as a melanization-inhibiting botanical insecticide.
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高影响因子
PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
·
2018
·
IF 3.44
Xinda Lin,Yiwen Mao,Ling Zhang
Insects receive a variety of chemical signals from the environment. Chemosensory protein (CSP) is one of the olfactory proteins that can accommodate a variety of small molecules and have the ability to bind to lipophilic compounds, transmitting nonvolatile odor molecules and chemical stimuli to target cells. To understand the correlation between the insect olfactory system and environment, we identified four antennae-expressed SlituCSP genes and investigated their expression profiles after treatment with different temperatures, starvation and three commonly used pesticides : chlorpyrifos , emamectin benzoate and fipronil . The transcriptions of four SlituCSP genes are affected by pesticide treatment and less affected by starvation and different temperatures. To further understand the molecular function of CSPs and their correlation with pesticides, we expressed and purified four SlituCSPs and assayed their binding ability with pesticides. The binding of four SlituCSPs with three pesticides were determined using a fluorescence competitive binding assay. We found direct binding between CSPs and pesticides, especially between SlituCSP18 and chlorpyrifos/fipronil and between SlituCSP6 and all three pesticides. The high binding affinity with pesticides and the significant down-regulation of SlituCSP18 by chlorpyrifos suggests that SlituCSP18 is more sensitive to pesticide treatment and may play an important role in mediating the interaction of the olfactory system and the pesticide. This study can help us understand the role of CSP proteins in the adaption of S. litura to the environment.
研究领域:
昆虫学
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分子生物学
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环境科学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）