JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
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2018
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IF 2.196
Lingzong Meng,Xia Wang,Dan Li,Tianlong Deng,Yafei Guo,Lan Yang
The solubilities in the quaternary system NaCl–KCl–SrCl2–H2O and its subsystem KCl–SrCl2–H2O at 288.15 K were investigated with the isothermal dissolution method. The phase diagram of the ternary system is composed of two single-salt crystallizations for KCl and SrCl2·6H2O, two solubility univariant curves, and one cosaturated point. The dry-salt diagram of the quaternary system consists of three single-salt crystallization fields for NaCl, KCl, and SrCl2·6H2O, three solubility univariant curves, and one invariant point. By combination of the determined solubilities and Pitzer binary parameters obtained in the literature, the lacking Pitzer mixing parameters θNa,Sr, θK,Sr, ΨNa,Sr,Cl, and ΨK,Sr,Cl and the solubility product constants of the solid salts for the systems were fitted on the basis of the Pitzer model. The model was then used to calculate the solubilties of the two systems. The theoretical results calculated using the model coincide with the experimental values.
研究领域:
化学热力学
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无机化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
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2019
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IF 2.29
Lan Yang,Dan Li,Yupeng Li,Lingzong Meng,Tianlong Deng,Yafei Guo
The solid-liquid phase equilibria in the systems NaCl–SrCl 2 –H 2 O and NaCl–CaCl 2 –SrCl 2 –H 2 O at 323.15 K were studied with the isothermal dissolution method. The solid-liquid equilibrium phase diagrams were constructed with the experimental results. A comparison of the diagrams of system NaCl–SrCl 2 –H 2 O from 288.15 to 373.15 K shows that area of strontium chloride salt region decreased obviously whereas the areas of NaCl almost invariant. The dry-salt diagram of the NaCl–CaCl 2 –SrCl 2 –H 2 O system consists of four single-salt crystallization regions for NaCl, SrCl 2 ·6H 2 O, SrCl 2 ·2H 2 O and CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O, five univariant solubility curves and two invariant points. Combining Pitzer binary parameters obtained in the literatures, the Pitzer mixing parameters θ Na,Ca , θ Na,Sr , θ Ca,Sr , Ψ Na,Ca,Cl , Ψ Na,Sr,Cl and Ψ Ca,Sr,Cl were fitted with the solubility data in this study and literatures. The model was then used for predicting the solubilities of the two systems. The experimental data are in accordance with the predicted results.
研究领域:
化学
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物理化学
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DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation
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2024
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IF 5.7
Jia Zhao,Taixi Feng,Guimin Lu
The local structure and thermophysical properties of SrCl2–KCl–MgCl2 melt were revealed by deep potential molecular dynamicsdriven by machine learning to facilitate the development of molten salt electrolytic Mg–Sr alloys. The short- and intermediate-range order of the SrCl2–KCl–MgCl2 melts was explored through radial distribution functions and structure factors, respectively, and their component and temperature dependence were discussed comprehensively. In the MgCl2-rich system, the intermediate-range order is more pronounced, and its evolution with temperature exhibits a non-Debye–Waller behavior. Mg–Cl is dominated by 4,5 coordination and Sr–Cl by 6,7 coordination, and their coordination geometries exhibit distorted octahedra and distorted pentagonal bipyramids, respectively. A database of thermophysical properties of SrCl2–KCl–MgCl2 melts, including density, self-diffusion coefficient, viscosity, and ionic conductivity, was thus developed, covering the temperature range from 873 to 1173 K.
研究领域:
材料科学
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计算化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Energy Storage
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2024
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IF 8.9
Sitong Li,Zhuqing Li,Yu Chen,Hua Tian,Gequn Shu
Thermochemical energy storage (TCES) based on salt hydrate stands out as an important method for long-term energy storage. However, the low energy storage density (ESD) at low temperature and poor cycle stability of the materials limit the practical application. In this work, new composites for thermochemical heat storage at low temperature (about 100 °C) are synthesized, consisting of SrBr 2 and SrCl 2 with various mass ratios and expanded graphite (EG). The material properties are characterized and measured using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal constant analyzer and simultaneous thermal analyzer (STA). The results demonstrate that the composites display excellent thermal conductivity, ESD and cycling performance. The composites exhibit an improvement in thermal conductivity by almost eightfold when compared with pure SrBr 2 . In comparison with SrCl 2 , the composites demonstrate a reduction in hydration time by approximately 3/5. The ESD of the composites at 100 °C surpasses 800 kJ kg −1 , and the ESD of SrBr5Cl5@EG reaches 918.66 kJ kg −1 , representing an 18.23 % enhancement compared with pure SrBr 2 . Furthermore, it is revealed that reducing the adsorption temperature, raising the heat source temperature and evaporation temperature are conducive to enhancing the heat storage performance of the composite. The cycling test results indicate that the SrBr5Cl5@EG composite retains 94.44 % of the initial ESD after 14 cycles, affirming its good stability. This work provides a new avenue for the development of advanced thermal energy storage materials and demonstrates great potential for long-term thermochemical energy storage applications at low temperature.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
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2016
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IF 3.014
Chongchong Tang,Xiaojuan Yu,Jianshe Chen,Qing Han,Kuiren Liu
SrCl 2 -based molten salt system, i.e. SrCl 2 –KCl, was selected to enhance the electrochemical reduction of TiO 2 powder via OS process, utilizing both high solubility of SrO and Sr in SrCl 2 melt and extremely high oxygen affinity of active metal (Sr). In this study, titanium dioxide particles were reduced in a three-electrode cell consisting of a sinking Mo cathode in molten SrCl 2 –KCl, and the reduction mechanism and reaction pathway of the oxide powder were explored by using cyclic voltammetry and potentiostatic electrolysis methods. Electrochemical tests showed that with small addition of SrO in the melt TiO 2 firstly transformed to SrTiO 3 , then reduced to Ti–O solid solution and finally converted to metallic titanium; electro-deoxidization of TiO 2 powder initiated only at the early stage of electrolysis and electro-metallothermic reduction mechanism dominated the deoxidization reaction pathway. Metallic titanium powder containing 0.58 wt% oxygen with average particle size around 1 μm was produced in the 80 wt% SrCl 2 -20 wt% KCl bath at 800 °C with 1 wt% SrO added to the melt.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
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2024
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IF 6.3
Gesang Yang,Mingxi Ji,Yuhong Huang,Xiaohui She,Yimo Luo,Liming Wang,Lexiao Wang
The utilisation of solar energy has the potential to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. But it often faces a mismatch between supply and demand. As a result, the thermal energy storage technology, especially the thermochemical energy storage technology based on hydrated salts has attracted great attention. Among the materials, SrCl 2 ·6H 2 O has an impressive energy storage density of 667 kWh/m³ and a dehydration temperature below 130 °C, making it particularly suitable for energy storage in buildings. However, pure hydrated salts typically suffer from problems such as poor heat and mass transfer performance and low cyclic stability. To solve these challenges, a series of SrCl 2 /Al 2 O 3 composites have been synthesised using vacuum impregnation. The adsorption experiments showed that the composite prepared with 25 wt% SrCl 2 solution (AS25) had the highest adsorption capacity, with an energy storage density measured at 150.5 kWh/m³. Furthermore, the activation energy values of SrCl 2 ·6H 2 O and AS25 were obtained by fitting the Kissinger equation, which indicated that AS25 had a lower activation energy, representing a faster dehydration rate compared to SrCl 2 ·6H 2 O. Finally, the experiments were conducted to assess the adsorption and desorption performance of AS25 in a lab-scale reactor. The results demonstrated that AS25 exhibited an energy efficiency of up to 93.8 % and stability of at least 10 cycles, indicating potential applications in solar energy chemical energy storage systems.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ChemistrySelect
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2025
·Vol. 10
·期 47
·e03688
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IF 2
Bin Guan,Junyan Chen,Lei Zhu,Zhongqi Zhuang,Xuehan Hu,Chenyu Zhu,Sikai Zhao,Kaiyou Shu,Hongtao Dang,Junjie Gao,Luyang Zhang,Tiankui Zhu,Wenbo Zeng,Minfan Qian,Zhangtong Li,Yang Lu,Shuai Chen,Zhen Huang
Solid selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is a promising nitrogen oxides abatement technology with advantages over urea-SCR, such as higher ammonia storage density, no low-temperature crystallization, and no exhaust temperature limitation. However, conventional metal chloride adsorbents for solid SCR (SSCR) suffer from two critical issues: ammonia adsorption decay after repeated cycles and poor thermal conductivity, which restrict their practical application. To address these problems, this study aimed to prepare strontium chloride (SrCl 2 )/active carbon and SrCl 2 /expanded graphite (EG) for SSCR systems and systematically investigate their ammonia adsorption characteristics and key influencing factors. The principal findings are as follows: the optimal mass ratio of SrCl 2 to active carbon/EG was 5:1/6:1, respectively, with the optimal expansion ratio of EG being approximately 148 times, which ensures high initial ammonia adsorption capacity and no adsorption decay during multiple adsorption-desorption cycles. A comparative analysis further showed that the SrCl 2 /EG adsorber exhibited higher ammonia bulk density, higher ammonia mass density, and better thermal conductivity than SrCl 2 /active carbon. In conclusion, SrCl 2 /EG is the optimal composite adsorber for SSCR systems, as its excellent thermal conductivity can enhance the material's heating rate and thereby shorten the ammonia start-up time. Graphical It presents cyclic ammonia adsorption capacity changes of SrCl 2 /EG composite adsorbents with different mass ratios. The SrCl 2 :EG = 6:1 ratio exhibits optimal performance—no adsorption decay, initial capacity of 0.803 gNH 3 /g, and significantly outperforming pure SrCl 2 ;, confirming it as an efficient, stable ammonia storage material for SSCR systems.
研究领域:
环境科学与工程
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材料科学
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化学工程
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污染控制技术
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DOI
高影响因子
TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA
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2024
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IF 4.7
Jia ZHAO,Yi-hang YAN,Hao ZHANG,Hua-yang GAO,Ye ZHANG,Gui-min LU
ABSTRACT The electrochemical behavior of MgCl 2 and the co-deposition mechanisms of Mg and Sr in the SrCl 2 −KCl eutectic system were evaluated using various electrochemical techniques, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), and open-circuit potential (OCP) analysis. It was observed the Mg(II) reduction on the tungsten electrode in SrCl 2 −KCl melt occurred in a single-step process involving the transfer of two electrons, exhibiting a quasi-reversible mode. The electrochemical co-deposition of Mg and Sr in the SrCl 2 −KCl−MgCl 2 melt involved the formation of two types of Mg−Sr intermetallic compounds. The evolution in the co-deposition mechanism of the nucleation type with changing overpotential was explored through chronoamperometry (CA). It is shown that the nucleation pattern on the electrode surface was depended on the substrate materials and the electrode reaction products. Early-stage nucleation was attributed to Mg(II) reduction under all overpotential conditions. With the co-deposition of Mg and Sr, Mg(II) was reduced to form the Mg nucleus on the electrode surface, followed by underpotential deposition of Sr(II) on the Mg surface accompanied by Mg deposition simultaneously. Additionally, increasing MgCl 2 concentration in the SrCl 2 −KCl melt resulted in a higher current density during the Mg−Sr co-deposition process.
研究领域:
电化学
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材料科学
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熔盐化学
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金属沉积
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金属间化合物
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DOI
高影响因子
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
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2026
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IF 7.5
Wei Li,Gang Wang,Qiuwang Wang
Scalable SrCl 2 @Al 2 O 3 composites with tunable salt loadings are synthesized. • SA35 composite achieves a high energy density of 234.2 kWh/m 3 under winter conditions. • Solid-state hydration provides 23 °C thermal upgrading vs. 10.7 °C for solution sorption. • SA35 shows 9.24% loss after 30 adsorption cycles but 20.89% loss in sorption mode. • A temperature-pressure equilibrium phase diagram of the composite is constructed. Salt hydrate-based thermochemical energy storage (TCES) represents a promising pathway toward a sustainable energy future. In this work, a series of scalable strontium chloride@activated alumina (SrCl 2 @AA) composite sorbents with tunable salt loadings (up to 31.7 wt% for SA35) are developed via a facile vacuum impregnation method. Microscopic characterization analysis confirms that SrCl 2 crystals are effectively dispersed within the mesoporous architecture of the AA host, which successfully mitigates salt agglomeration and provides an extensive gas-solid interface for vapor transport. The experimental results manifest that under winter heating conditions, i.e., adsorption temperature ( T ads ) of 30 °C and evaporation temperature of 5–12 °C, the optimal SA35 composite delivers a high volumetric-energy storage density ( ESD v ) of 216.3–234.2 kWh/m 3 , and even at an elevated T ads of 45 °C, which is suitable for domestic hot water production when considering the exothermic effect, it maintains a considerable ESD v of around 120 kWh/m 3 . Solid-state hydration mode of SA35 provides thermal upgrading of 23 °C and an exergy density of 17.02 kWh/m 3 at T ads of 35 °C, outperforming the solution-absorption mode. Over 30 adsorption-desorption cycles, SA25 and SA35 show only 9.28% and 9.24% loss in ESD v , confirming superior cyclability. While the combined sorption regime (hydration plus solution-absorption) further boosts ESD v , SA35 suffers a 20.89% decline due to progressive liquid leakage. The Phase diagram reveals that the SA35 composite exhibits higher equilibrium vapor pressures than the pure salt, suppressing deliquescence and narrowing the metastable zone width. This work provides theoretical guidance for the fabrication and optimization of scalable TCMs for efficient salt hydrate-based TCES. Download: Download high-res image (236KB) Download: Download full-size image
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DOI
高影响因子
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
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2026
·
IF 7.5
Fenhong Song,Hongbo Zhang,Long Ma,Zengqiang Tan,Gang Wang,Qi Qi,Jing Fan
AF composite adsorbents loaded with SrCl 2 and LiCl/SrCl 2 binary salts were developed. • Water adsorption kinetics showed composite adsorbents' synergistic effects. • The adsorption capacity of Sr 0.7 Li 0.3 @AF-20 was enhanced by 194% compared with AF. • LiCl incorporation disrupts the hydrated structure of the Sr@AF-Z composite system. The development of novel adsorption energy storage materials with both high energy storage density and fast adsorption kinetics is crucial for the large-scale application of adsorption heat storage technology. In this work, aluminum fumarate (AF) was used as a support, and composite adsorbents loaded with SrCl 2 single salt and LiCl/SrCl 2 binary salts at different ratios were prepared via impregnation. The adsorption thermal storage behavior, synergistic mechanism between components, and the regulation of LiCl doping ratio on the pore structure and hydration system were systematically investigated. The results demonstrate that the introduction of LiCl effectively tailors the pore structure of AF-based composites, optimizes the mixed hydration system of binary salts, and significantly alleviates pore blockage under low humidity that plagues single-salt systems. The thermal storage capacity of the composites first decreases and then increases with rising LiCl content. Among them, Sr 0.7 Li 0.3 @AF-20 exhibits the best overall performance, with a saturated adsorption capacity of 1.03 g/g-186% higher than pristine AF and 80% higher than the optimal SrCl 2 single-salt sample Sr@AF-20-and a thermal storage capacity of 1097.685 kJ/kg. After 10 adsorption/desorption cycles, it retains 85% of its performance, indicating a certain degree of cycling stability. Thus, the simultaneous improvement of adsorption capacity, thermal energy storage density, and cycling stability was achieved by rationally adjusting the binary salt ratio. These findings provide key material references and novel component design strategies for promoting the industrialization of solar adsorption thermal energy storage technology. Download: Download high-res image (198KB) Download: Download full-size image
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
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2018
·
IF 2.196
Haijun Han,Xiang Ji,Junjie Ma,Zhifeng Xu,Lijiang Guo,Dongdong Li,Yan Yao
Water activities for the CaCl2–SrCl2–H2O ternary system and its sub-binary system were elaborately determined using an isopiestic vapor-pressure method at 323.15 K. The solubility of the titled ternary system at 323.15 K was also determined by the isothermal equilibrium method. The Pitzer–Simonson–Clegg (PSC) model was used for correlating the determined water activity and solubility data, simulating the thermodynamic properties, and predicting the solubility isotherm of the titled system. The reliability of the determined solubility results in this work was evaluated by comparing with the solubility isotherms calculated with the PSC model. The model simulation results showed that the thermodynamic properties and solubility can be predicted with binary parameters only. The experiment and simulation results showed that the equilibrium solid phase in the CaCl2–SrCl2–H2O ternary system are pure salts, and no solid solution was found at 323.15 K.
研究领域:
化学热力学
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无机化学
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溶液化学
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相平衡
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
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2021
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IF 7.267
Jingjing Zhu,Can Gao,Fanhe Kong,Kai Zhang,Zhiqing Bai,Jiansheng Guo
The combination of thermal energy storage (TES) unit and solar air heater is one of the most efficient methods for long-term utilization of solar energy. In this study, a series of stable SrCl 2 @SG composite sorbents were prepared based on silica gel (SG) pellets and strontium chloride hexahydrate (SrCl 2 ·6H 2 O) to store low-grade solar thermal energy for space heating application. Composite characteristics, kinetic hydration/dehydration performance of SG and SrCl 2 @SG sorbents were thoroughly studied. Results demonstrated that the SrCl 2 @SG_10 sorbent has the largest sorption capacity of 0.34 g/g at the temperature of 25 °C and relative humidity (RH) of 90% without any liquid leakage . Additionally, kinetic hydration experiments showed that RH has a great impact on the water sorption performance of the TES materials , while the temperature effect is relatively insignificant. The TES performance of sorbents was further investigated in a laboratory prototype reactor with a multilayer structure, which was designed following an open sorption system concept. 800 g of sorbent pellets were evenly distributed on each layer of the sieve. Maximum instant output power and energy storage density of the SrCl 2 @SG_10 sorbent at 70% RH are 19.7 W and 100 kWh/m 3 respectively. Furthermore, the open TES system still maintains a comparatively high TES performance after fifteen charging/discharging cycles.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
可再生能源工程
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DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）