Synthesis of SrTiO3-TiO2-CaTiO3/Cu2O composite for stable and efficient H2 generation in deionized water and river water
Herein, the SrTiO 3 -TiO 2 -CaTiO 3 /Cu 2 O quaternary composite has been designed and prepared via one-step hydrothermal process followed by a NaBH 4 reduction treatment. By comparing the H 2 production rate (HPR) of Sr-Ti-Ca/Cu samples prepared by different Cu sources, it is found that Sr-Ti-Ca/Cu has the best H 2 production performance when CuCl 2 is as Cu source. As expected, the highest HPR of Sr-Ti-Ca/Cu sample is up to 5.088 mmol g −1 h −1 , which is 195.7 times as higher as that of the Sr-Ti-Ca sample (0.026 mmol g −1 h −1 ) under the same conditions. Moreover, the HPR reached 0.692, 0.530 and 0.647 mmol g −1 h −1 in tap water, lake water and river water, indicating that the photocatalyst has high practicability in natural water sources. In addition, the experiment of the tap water composition effect on H 2 production performance shows that NO 3 − and SO 4 2− ions have great negative influence on the HPR. Compared with Sr-Ti-Ca, the light absorption of Sr-Ti-Ca/Cu extends over the entire visible region, the interface resistance decreases, and the photocurrent density increases. These results suggest that the well-designed dual p-n heterojunctions and dual type-II heterojunctions in Sr-Ti-Ca/Cu sample can enhance the light absorption in the ultraviolet region and realize the rapid separation and migration of photogenerated charge, thereby accelerating the production of H 2 . This work shows the strong advantage and potential of non-precious metal efficient photocatalyst system for producing H 2 from deionized water and natural fresh water.
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