Polymorphous Luminescent Materials Based on ′T′-Shaped Molecules Bearing 4,7-Diphenylbenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole Skeletons: Effect of Substituents on the Photophysical Properties
Graphical Four ′T′-shaped molecules bearing the 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole skeleton were prepared and characterized. All compounds exhibited excellent thermal stability and polymorphism in the solid state. The structure–property relationship of these compounds was systematically explored. A highest external quantum efficiency of 6.15 %, beyond the theoretical value of fluorescence-based OLEDs (∼5 %), were achieved for the solution-processable OLEDs. Polymorphism, the intrinsic character of one chemical compound with at least two distinct phase arrangements, plays a very key role in the photophysical properties. In this contribution, four ′T′-shaped molecules bearing the 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BTD) skeleton, named 5 a – 5 d , were prepared and characterized. All compounds exhibited excellent thermal stability and polymorphism in the solid state, evident from thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and polarized optical microscopy results. Intense emissions with high photoluminescent quantum yields were achieved both in solution (56–97 %) and neat films (33–98 %). All compounds possessed clearly pH-dependent luminescence properties in solution. Additionally, compound 5 d showed useful mechanochromic luminescence owing to the transformation between the crystal and amorphous state. Employing compounds 5 a – 5 d as the dopant, solution-processable organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) were fabricated and presented a highest external quantum efficiency of 6.15 %, which is higher than the theoretical value of fluorescence-based OLEDs (∼5 %). This research provided a novel strategy for designing high-efficiency BTD-based polymorphic luminescent materials.
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