CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS
·
2022
·
IF 2.719
Hui-fang Li,Li-juan Li,Wu Li
The cause and mechanism of the third phase in the process of lithium extraction using tributyl phosphate(TBP) as extractant, kerosene as diluent, and FeCl 3 as co-extractant were studied. The third phase appeared in the extraction process was because the diluent kerosene had poor solubility to the extracted complex and the TBP as the solvent was not enough to completely dissolve the extracted complex; The addition of EA, BA, MIBK and DIBK contributed to the extraction of lithium and accelerated the phase separation, with clear phase interface and no third phase appearing in the extraction process.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE
·
2023
·
IF 2
Lili Cui,Jungang Cao,Shihui Jiao,Guangsheng Pang,Zhonglin Wei
A selective extraction process for recovering vanadium (IV) over chromium was proposed with use of a mixed extractant consisting of di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (D2EHPA) and tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP). The influence of various factors, which included the initial aqueous pH value, the concentration of leach solution and D2EHPA, phase ratio (O/A), extraction equilibrium time and extraction temperature in the extraction process on the separation of V and Cr was investigated. Under the condition of the optimum extraction, vanadium extraction was above 94.0%. Meanwhile, under the optimum stripping conditions, the vanadium stripping was above 93.0% utilizing 1.5 mol/L sulfuric acid as the effective stripping reagent. The regeneration and reusability of the loaded organic phases after stripping were discussed. In addition, continuous three-stage extraction and stripping strategy indicated that the aggregate loss of vanadium was 0.885% and that the purity of vanadium was more than 99.9%. Under the condition of the optimum precipitation, when the pH value of the stripping solution was adjusted to 7.0 with ammonia water, the precipitation efficiency reached 99.93%. The calcination conditions (above 680 °C in air) were finally determined by TG-DTA and TG-MS experiments, and the V2O5 obtained by calcination was characterized by XRD. Additionally, a method for detecting impurity elements in vanadium matrix without interference was established. The recovery technology has practical significance in enlarging production scale, reducing specific energy consumption and cost, and realizing automatic control in vanadium leaching process.
研究领域:
冶金学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
HYDROMETALLURGY
·
2020
·
IF 3.338
Luqi Zeng,Tianzu Yang,Xintao Yi,Ping Chen,Jiaxun Liu,Guangsheng Huo
A mixture of TBP and P507 was proposed for the separation of molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) from iron (Fe) in a hydrochloric-phosphoric acid (HCl-H 3 PO 4 ) solution that was obtained from the hydrochloric acid preleaching of low-grade scheelite . Various extractants with TBP were investigated, and P507 showed synergistic effects on Mo and W extraction and a strong antagonistic effect on Fe extraction. Then, the effects of various conditions on the separation of Mo and W from Fe with the mixture of TBP and P507 were investigated. Using 24% ( v /v) TBP, 16% (v/v) P507 and 60% (v/v) kerosene as extractants, 90% Mo and 88% W were extracted with only 8% Fe co-extraction, and the separation factors of Mo/Fe and W/Fe were 153 and 118, respectively, through one-stage extraction under the following conditions: 1.7 mol/L H + , A/O ratio of 3:1, contact time of 10 min, and temperature of 15 °C. After two-stage batch continuous extraction, 99% Mo, 94% W and 10% Fe were extracted. By washing with 2 mol/L hydrochloric acid, most of the Fe and other impurities were removed with negligible losses of Mo and W. Upon stripping with 5 mol/L ammonia at a 1:1 organic-to-aqueous phase ratio, almost 100% of the Mo and W were recovered from the washed organic phase. Other impurities, such as P, Si, Ca, Al, and Mn, minimally affected the extraction of Mo and W.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
冶金学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Membranes
·
2022
·Vol. 12
·期 9
·839
·
IF 4.562
Xianjie Zeng,Li Xu,Tao Deng,Chengyi Zhang,Wei Xu,Wen Zhang
The separation of lithium and magnesium from salt-lake brines with high Mg2+/Li+ratios is a main challenge for lithium extraction. In this work, novel polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) were developed by incorporating 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono 2-ethylhexyl (P507) and tributyl phosphate (TBP) as the carriers into cellulose triacetate (CTA) polymers. The Li+could be stripped from the P507-TBP extracting carriers using pure water eluents without adding concentrated hydrochloric acid, which can help decrease carriers’ leakage risk from membrane matrixes and keep the stability of PIMs. The morphology, composition, and wettability of P507-TBP-based PIMs were characterized systematically, and the carrier content in the PIM was also optimized. In the transport experiment with the feed of 0.1 mol/L LiCl and 4.0 mol/L MgCl2, the CTA/P507-TBP60% membrane exhibits a Li+permeability of 4.76 × 10−3mol·m−2·h−1and a Li/Mg separation ratio of 10.2. After recycling seven times, the selectivity of the PIM is well-retained (>10), and the permeability of Li+decreases slightly (less than 15%). With a decent selectivity and excellent stability, PIMs containing P507-TBP carriers show great potential for sustainable and efficient lithium recovery from brines with high Mg/Li ratios.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
RARE METALS
·
2024
·
IF 9.6
Ji Lian-Min,Shi Dong,Peng Xiao-Wu,Xie Shao-Lei,Li Jin-Feng,Zhang Yu-Ze,Zhang Li-Cheng,Niu Yong,Chen Gang,Li Li-Juan
China's salt lakes hold significant lithium reserves, yet the development of low-concentration lithium resources from the carbonate brines in Tibet is a pressing matter. Alkyl β-diketones extractants are capable of efficiently extracting lithium from alkaline solutions using an extraction method, but its optimized extraction prerequisite is an extreme alkaline solution with higher pH. This research introduces a process for the effective extraction and separation of lithium and sodium from the carbonate brine of Jieze Caka Salt Lake, utilizing trifluorinated β-biketone HBTA (4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione)–TBP (tributyl phosphate)/kerosene system. A three-stage extraction yielded 98.06% of Li + and 1.69% of Na + from the initial brine with a lower pH of 8.961 and a separation factor ( β Li/Na ) of 2948. The simplified process was then implemented using organic direct recycling without regeneration and scrubbing raffinate reflux for a total of 23 cycles, thereby demonstrating the exceptional effectiveness and stability of this system. The resulting lithium-rich stripping solution, with the Li/Na mass ratio amplified by 747 times, underwent further magnesium removal and precipitation using sodium carbonate to yield a high-purity lithium carbonate product of 99.50%. This study offers a novel approach and technology for the efficient separation of lithium ion directly from a partial-neutral carbonate salt lake with a high Na/Li ratio and low lithium concentration. Graphical abstract
研究领域:
化学工程
·
资源环境科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Separations
·
2022
·Vol. 10
·期 1
·24
·
IF 3.344
Huifang Li,Lijuan Li,Wu Li
Lithium extraction from salt lake brine with a high mass ratio of Mg/Li by counter-current method using TBP-DIBK extraction system was investigated in this study. In the extraction process, TBP and DIBK acted as extractant, kerosene was used as diluent, and FeCl3was used as co-extractant. The operation conditions of extraction, scrubbing, stripping, and regeneration were investigated. In this study, 5.5 mol/L LiCl + 0.5 mol/L HCl was used as a scrubbing solution for purifying products, and 6 mol/L HCl solution was used as a stripping agent to transfer Li+from organic phase to aqueous phase. Furthermore, 2 mol/L NaOH and saturated MgCl2were used as the regeneration agent to remove H+from organic phase. The counter-current extraction experiments of 3-1-1-3 stages were carried out. After 10 cycles, the lithium extraction efficiency reached 99.90%; the separation factor of Li/Mg, Li/K, Li/Na, and Li/Ca was 5.215 × 104, 2.159 × 103, 3.659 × 102, and 3.104 × 102, respectively. The results indicated that the TBP-DIBK extraction system was effective at extracting lithium from salt lake brine with a high mass ratio of Mg/Li. Furthermore, the study of extraction thermodynamics suggested that lithium extraction was an exothermic process and that lower temperature promoted lithium extraction.Keywords:lithium extraction;salt lake brine;TBP-DIBK;extraction thermodynamics
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
HYDROMETALLURGY
·
2020
·
IF 3.338
Xintao Yi,Guangsheng Huo,Wei Tang
The extraction of Fe(III), Ni(II) and Co(II) from a Ni(II)-Co(II) solution containing Fe(III) was analyzed in a chloride medium using a mixed extractant consisting of 50% ( v /v) tributyl phosphate (TBP), 20% (v/v) 2-octanol and 30% (v/v) kerosene. The extraction of 0.5 mol/L Fe(III) in 4 mol/L hydrochloric acid reached 97%, and the consumption of chloride ions was investigated. Nickel(II) ions were not detectably extracted by TBP, with an inclusion of <1.1%. Compared with Fe(III), TBP extracted only a small amount of Co(II). The iron complexes formed by TBP and 2-octanol were [H 2 FeCl 4 · 2TBP] and [H 2 FeCl 4 · 5(2-octanol)], and the possible compositions of Co-containing extracts were [H 2 CoCl 4 · 2TBP] and [H 2 CoCl 4 ] · n[2-octanol]. An industrial process consisting of two-step extraction was designed to achieve the separation of Co(II) and Fe(III), resulting in a decrease in the Fe/Co mass ratio from 0.46 to <3.5 × 10 −4 in the raffinate.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
冶金学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
·
2022
·Vol. 101
·期 4
·2139-2147
·
IF 2.5
Linju Qiao,Hang Chen,Jianguo Yu
In this study, a complete cyclic process was developed for the lithium extraction from high-concentration salt-lake brine by using a high flash point, low water solubility, and low toxicity diluent mixed with the TBP-FeCl 3 -based organic solvent. The process was composed of four sections, including extraction, scrubbing, stripping, and regeneration. The optimal conditions for each section were determined first. Then, a 13-stage cyclic extraction process was designed and validated experimentally for the high lithium concentration brine, which reached 8.612 g/L. By using the diluent at the optimized conditions, the overall recovery of lithium was higher than 96%. The stripping liquid contained 38.87 g/L Li + , while all the ratios of impurities of sodium, potassium, and magnesium to lithium were less than 0.1. The aims of enrichment and purification of Li + from the complicated brine system were achieved by the developed extraction process with little Fe loss, which provided the technical support for the development of the salt-lake lithium resource.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
HYDROMETALLURGY
·
2022
·
IF 4.217
Ruibing Bai,Junfeng Wang,Daoguang Wang,Junjie Cui,Yanqiang Zhang
In view of the complex problems for the ionic liquids (ILs) recovery with the system containing ILs and TBP, this work proposed a NaNTf 2 -based synergistic extraction system, NaNTf 2 + TBP, which could realize the effective reutilization of the extraction system without reducing the lithium separation ability. Under the optimal extraction parameters, the extraction efficiency of Li + exceeded 98%, while that of Mg 2+ was only ~1%. The results of mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and slope analysis showed that two TBP molecules involved in the extraction process of Li + , and the Li + extraction mechanism obeyed the cation-exchange process. According to the red shift of the FT − IR peak of P O in TBP and the chemical shift changes of P in 31 P NMR, the interaction strength between TBP and different metal ion followed the sequence: E TBP−H >> E TBP−Li > E TBP−Mg > E TBP−K > E TBP−Na . It was also found that after a three−stage countercurrent extraction process, [Li + ] org was 0.42 g L −1 , and the total recovery efficiency of Li + was about 98%. The saturated extraction capacity for Li + could be as high as 5.4 g L −1 , and Li + could be stripped with the aqueous solution containing 0.2 mol L -1 HCl. In addition, the extraction efficiency of Li + was almost not attenuated after 6 extraction cycles. This new extraction system shows a certain industrial application prospect for Li + separation from the salt lake bine with high Mg/Li ratio.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2022
·
IF 4.326
Qing Sun,Hang Chen,Jianguo Yu
Lithium has been a high-demand element with the rapid development of lithium-ion batteries. The recovery of lithium from salt lake brine via solvent extraction is considered a promising technique. In this study, the solvent extraction process in the tributyl phosphate (TBP)–FeCl3/brine system was investigated. The order of metal ions competitively combining with TBP–FeCl3 was Li+ > Na+ > K+ > Mg2+, and the compositions of main cationic extraction complexes were Li(TBP)2(H2O)2+, Na(TBP)2(H2O)4+, K(TBP)2(H2O)4+, and Mg(TBP)2(H2O)42+, respectively. The energy decomposition analysis showed that the electrostatics was the major interaction between the metal ions and the solvent (TBP and water). Compared with water, TBP bound more competitively with the metal ions. The calculated species distribution results showed that the ferric ion reacted with the chloride ion to form FeCl2+, FeCl3, and FeCl4– in high Cl– concentration brine. Co-extractant FeCl3 was found to exist in the organic phase in the form of FeCl4– upon comparing the experimental and simulated spectra. Furthermore, the length of the Fe–Cl bond increased and the charge on the iron element was distracted when the FeCln3–n complexes coordinated with the water molecules. This indicated that FeCl4– was more stable in the TBP solvent environment and it can be extracted from the aqueous phase. The results help us understand the extraction mechanism in essence and develop a high-efficiency extraction solvent for industrial lithium recovery.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Processes
·
2023
·Vol. 11
·期 5
·1338
·
IF 3.5
Jing Ma,Jingyu Zhao,Tiejun Liu,Cuiling Yang,Yeyun Wang,Jinghui Zhang,Mingfu Li,Yufan Sun
This project designed and created a large-scale pyrolysis incineration system that decomposes waste tributyl phosphate/kerosene (TBP/OK) solvent from the plutonium/uranium process (PU-REX) in the nuclear industry. This system consists of a suspension preparation system (SPS), a pyrolysis and ash discharge system (PADS), and a combustion furnace and gas treatment system (CGS). The preparation of a waste TBP/OK emulsified suspension in the SPS, continuous operation experiments of the PADS and CGS, and pyrolysis incineration experiments were conducted. The results show that the SPS achieved the automatic preparation and feeding of emulsified suspensions at 30 kg/h. The PADS decomposed 99.99% of the TBP/OK emulsified suspensions and fixed more than 99% of phosphorus. The CGS burned the pyrolysis gas without diesel oil and purified more than 99.995% of the radioactive nuclides. This system showed great feasibility, stability, continuity, and safety, proving the compatibility between multiple systems of this new design. This paper marks a significant step in pyrolysis incineration technology for the nuclear industry.Keywords:pyrolysis incineration;TBP/OK;PUREX
研究领域:
核工程
·
环境工程
·
废物管理
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL
·
2018
·Vol. 27
·期 8
·537-544
·
IF 1.278
Li Peipei,Liu Kai,Zhang Binbin,Liu Jinhui,Hua Jing
Coordination polymerization of butadiene was initiated by a catalyst system consisting of tributyl phosphate (TBP) as ligand, molybdenum pentachloride as primary catalyst and triethyl aluminum substituted by m -cresol as co-catalyst. The effects of the substitution of m -cresol on the activity of the catalyst system, molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, intrinsic viscosity and microstructures of the resulting polymers were investigated in details. The molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the polymerization products were determined by GPC. The microstructure of the polymerization products was characterized by FTIR, 13 C NMR and DSC techniques. The experimental results indicated that the polymerization activity of the reaction system and the molecular weight of the polymerization products gradually increased with the increase of the substitution content of m -cresol, namely, Al(OPhCH 3 ) 2 Et > Al(OPhCH 3 )Et 2 > Al(OPhCH 3 ) 0.5 Et 2.5 >AlEt 3 . The 1,2-structure contents of the polymerization products could be adjusted between 89 and 91% through the control of the substitution of m -cresol, and there was minute quantities of crystalline structures in the resulting polymers due to the increasing content of the syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene. In a word, the existence and increase of steric hindrance of m -cresol made it easier for polymerization products to form interdisciplinary 1,2-structure.
研究领域:
高分子化学
·
催化化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）