Journal of Energetic Materials
·
2022
·
IF 2.421
Shu-Ji Wang,Di Wang,Ping Liu,Xiao-le Sun,Shi Yan,Xue-Yong Guo
TKX-50, as a representative of a new nitrogen-rich energetic compound, has attracted extensive interests due to its high energy and low sensitivity properties. As an important energetic material, combustible agent has great influence on improving the energy level of explosives and propellants. Boron powder has become the most potential combustible agent in energetic fields because of its unique performances. In this work, nano-boron-based microspheres containing TKX-50 are directly fabricated by electrospray deposition. The prepared microspheres showed high monodispersity with particle size ranging from ~1–3 μm. Thermal behavior results show that the mass gain of the electrostatically sprayed sample is 163.3%, which is much higher than that of pure boron and physically mixed samples. Combustion behavior tests show that electrosprayed microspheres exhibit outstanding performance in comparison to physical mixed sample, the peak pressure improved by 85%, the burning time decreased by 21% and the pressurization rate improved by 136%. These excellent properties are probably related to their uniform microstructure. Therefore, electrospray preparation of microspheres with controllable structure has a good application prospect in energetic materials.
研究领域:
化学
·
材料科学
·
能源科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Omega
·
2024
·
IF 3.7
Lei Xiao,Xinfei Wang,Tianfu Zhang,Xiaojun Feng,Kun Zhang,Junqing Yang,Xiaoming Jin,Gazi Hao,Wei Jiang
In order to achieve new energetic materials with high energy, low sensitivity, and moisture-proof properties, dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50)/ammonium perchlorate (AP) cocrystal (molar ratio 1:1) was successfully prepared through a spray-assisted solvent–nonsolvent method. SEM shows that the morphology of the cocrystal is different from those of the two raw materials. XRD and FT-IR spectra indicate the formation of the cocrystal. The apparent activation energy of the cocrystal is lower than that of raw TKX-50. The characteristic drop height (H50) is higher than that of TKX-50, while the friction sensitivity (P) of the cocrystal is lower. In addition, the moisture-proof property of the cocrystal is improved, showing good application potential.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
·
2020
·Vol. 143
·期 4
·3003-3008
·
IF 2.731
Li Xiaoxia,Cao Xiong,Bai Xueyuan,Pei Zhinan,Deng Peng,Hu Shuangqi
In the article, we reported two-dimensional nanoscale MoS 2 has been demonstrated to possess intrinsic catalytic activity for thermal decomposition of dihydroxylammonium-5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50). The morphology and structure of MoS 2 nanosheets prepared by liquid ultrasonic exfoliation were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectra. Thermal catalysis decomposition was investigated by thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimetry. MoS 2 was added to TKX-50, and the results show that nano-MoS 2 can decrease the activation energy of TKX-50 decomposition from 220.0 to 140.6 kJ mol −1 effectively and that the decomposition temperature was decreased by 32.1 °C more than 23.8 °C for commercial bulk MoS 2 . In addition, a possible mechanism of MoS 2 towards the catalysis thermal decomposition of TKX-50 was proposed. The conduction-band electrons ( e
− cb
) and valence-band holes ( h + ) excited on the surface of MoS 2 under thermal excitation promoted H + transfer from H atom of NH 3 OH + to O atom of bisteterazole and boosted the decomposition of TKX-50 further. This work may offer a new idea to introduce transition metal dichalcogenide into thermal catalysis fields.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
催化科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
·
2019
·Vol. 44
·期 4
·413-422
·
IF 1.634
Wenbo Dong,Shusen Chen,Shaohua Jin,Minglei Chen,Bo Yan,Yu Chen
Dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) is an energetic ion salt with high energy and low mechanical sensitivity. However, its poor morphology and low binding ability with conventional binders have significantly limited its application. In the present work, we reported a novel strategy to improve the morphology and surface properties of TKX-50 using sodium alginate (SA) as the modifier by the anti-solvent method. The results of imaging characterization indicated that SA greatly affected both crystal habit and morphology of TKX-50, resulting in modified TKX-50 granulars with low aspect ratios. The formation mechanism was explored by the molecular dynamics simulation. The XPS and SEM characterizations also revealed that SA adhered onto TKX-50 surface to form a coating layer. The non-isothermal kinetic parameters were calculated from DSC results. Our work has provided a new strategy to improve the morphology and surface properties of TKX-50 for its practical applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
爆炸化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
·
2023
·
IF 4.6
Shu-ji Wang,Di Wang,Peng Chen,Shi Yan,Qing-jie Jiao,Xue-yong Guo
Micro-nano composite energetic materials have attracted extensive attention from researchers due to their excellent properties. Electrostatic spray drying, as an emerging composite material preparation technology, has an important impact on the assembly and energy release regulation of energetic materials. In this paper, NC with excellent mechanical properties was selected as the energetic binder. The uniform assembly of TKX-50 and Al was achieved by electrostatic spraying technology, and Al@TKX-50@NC micro-nano composite energetic material microspheres were prepared. The structure and composition of the composite were characterized, and its thermal decomposition kinetics and thermodynamics were calculated and analyzed. At the same time, its ignition and combustion performance were tested. It is found that the samples prepared by electrostatic spray are regular spherical, and the particle size is about 1–6 μm. Compared with the physical mixture samples, the Al@TKX-50@NC composite microspheres not only have a more complete oxidation reaction but also have better ignition and combustion performance. The results show that the electrostatic spray method is very effective in improving the energy release of composite energetic materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能量材料工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FirePhysChem
·
2021
·
IF 0
Chao Chen,Haijian Li,Jianhua Yi,Zhao Qin,Changjian Wang,Zhihua Sun,Yi Xu,Siyu Xu,Kangzhen Xu,Fengqi Zhao
Two novel heterobimetallic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), Ba 4 Pb 4 (CH 3 CO 2 ) 8 [(CH 6 CO 2 ) 4 Pb](CH 3 CO 2 ) 4 (PbBa-MOFs) and Ba 2 Ni(CO 2 H) 6 (OH 2 ) 4 (NiBa-MOFs), were prepared via the solvothermal method, and their structures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. The pyrolysis behavior of the two MOFs and their catalytic performances on the dihydroxylammonium-5,5’-bistetrazole-1,1’-diolate (TKX-50) pyrolysis were studied by thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) and thermogravimetric-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-mass spectrum (TG-FTIR-MS) methods. Compare with the pure TKX-50, the pyrolysis peak temperature and apparent activation energy ( E a ) of the TKX-50/PbBa-MOFs mixture were decreased by 3.2°C and 13.47 kJ‧mol −1 respectively. The E a of TKX-50/NiBa-MOFs was decreased by 9.35 kJ‧mol −1 . And the second pyrolysis peak disappeared in the DSC curves of TKX-50 after the addition of the two MOFs, due to that the products from MOFs pyrolysis suppress the chemical reaction pathway on the production of 5,5′-bis (2-hydroxytetrazole) (ABTOX) and accelerate the direct decomposition of 1,1’-bistetrazole diol (BTO). This resulted in the percentage of H 2 O decreased greatly and the percentage of NO/CH 2 O, CO 2 /N 2 O, NH 2+ /O• and NH 3 /OH increased during the pyrolysis of TKX-50. Finally, the relation between the pyrolysis and ignition characteristics was discussed and described. The two MOFs reduced the ignition delay time of the TKX-50 at the high power density region, and the flame becomes more luminous due to the formation of metal oxides and active free radical.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学
·
能源化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2022
·
IF 6.371
Yong Chen,Ming Zhang,Hui Li,Zhao Qin,Fengqi Zhao,Heng Li,Kangzhen Xu
In order to develop efficient combustion catalysts for solid propellants , three intermetallic compounds of Sn-Cu, Sn-Co and Sn-Ni were synthesized by a hydrothermal method and their effects on the thermal decomposition and ignition properties of 1,3,5-trinitroperhy-dro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) were studied systemically. The results show that Sn-Cu, Sn-Co and Sn-Ni can all promote the thermal decomposition of RDX, which reduce the exothermic decomposition peak temperature of RDX by 3.2, 1.9 and 4.8 ℃, respectively. And the apparent activation energy of RDX was reduced by 82.1 kJ·mol −1 after adding the Sn-Ni intermetallic compound. In comparison with RDX, the exothermic peak temperature of TKX-50 was reduced more significantly, which was decreased by 11.9, 1.5 and 6.6 ℃ in the existence of Sn-Cu, Sn-Co and Sn-Ni, respectively. Additionally, Sn-containing intermetallic compound could reduce the ignition delay time of RDX under high power laser density, while the ignition delay time of TKX-50 could be decreased in the full power density range of the experiment. Besides, the flame combustion intensity and propagation rate of RDX and TKX-50 were significantly heightened by adding the three compounds. The comparison of pyrolysis and ignition performance before and after adding Sn-containing intermetallic compound into RDX and TKX-50 shows that Sn-containing intermetallic compound has great application prospects for improving the heat release and combustion characteristic of solid propellants.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
燃烧与推进
·
化学动力学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY
·
2021
·
IF 4.291
Jian-Bo Chen,Taishan Yan,Chaofeng Wang,Ruixia Gao,Silong Xu,Guijuan Fan,Xueyan Zhao,Yu Liu
The dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50), as an outstanding representative of nitrogen-rich energetic salts, has recently attracted increasing interest due to its excellent performances. However, it is unclear about the photostability and degradation pathways of TKX-50 in aqueous solution. In this paper, the photostability and the degradation process of TKX-50 in aqueous solution have been comprehensively studied for the first time. TKX-50 can keep stable toward visible light. However, it presented a rapid degradation with rate constant of 0.0054 s −1 under 254-nm light irradiation. TKX-50 also demonstrated much faster photodegradation than traditional nitro explosives. Further, degradation products of TKX-50 were analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrum with theoretical calculations. The photodegradation pathways are proposed that 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (BTO) anion of TKX-50 can been fragmented into the nitrile by losing N 2 and HNO, and then hydroxylammonium (NH 3 OH + ) from TKX-50 reacts with the nitrile through the nucleophilic addition. Besides as a solvent, water also may accelerate the photodegradation of TKX-50 probably by hydrolyzing the intermediary nitrile products. In a word, this study provides comprehensive understanding about the photostability of TKX-50 in aqueous solution, and it is helpful to study the photochemistry of other energetic ionic salts based on BTO.
研究领域:
化学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
·
2019
·Vol. 141
·期 4
·1413-1423
·
IF 2.471
Zhang Ming,Zhao Fengqi,Yang Yanjing,Li Hui,Gao Hongxu,Yao Ergang,Zhang Jiankan,An Ting,Jiang Zhoufeng
Bimetallic iron oxides (NiFe 2 O 4 , ZnFe 2 O 4 and CoFe 2 O 4 ) were prepared via the facile solvothermal method and characterized using SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS and BET instruments. The catalytic behavior of the bimetallic iron oxides on the thermal decomposition of 5, 5′-bistetrazole-1, 1′-diolate (TKX-50) was studied using DSC and TG-DTG methods. Besides, the corresponding kinetic parameters of TKX-50 thermal decomposition were calculated by multi-kinetics methods including traditional, iso-conversional and iteration methods. The thermal decomposition peak temperature ( T p ) and the activation energy ( E a ) reduced obviously after the addition of bimetallic iron oxides. Among different bimetallic iron oxides, the ZnFe 2 O 4 has the best catalytic activity for TKX-50 thermal decomposition. The high thermal decomposition peak temperature ( T HDP ) and average apparent activation energy ( E a ) of TKX-50 were decreased by 47.0 °C and 34.34 kJ mol −1 in the presence of ZnFe 2 O 4 sample. The excellent catalytic activity of ZnFe 2 O 4 for thermal decomposition of TKX-50 makes it a promising combustion catalyst of insensitive solid propellants containing TKX-50.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
燃烧与推进
·
物理化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
·
2024
·
IF 4
Zhen Zhang,Fengqi Zhao,Ming Zhang,Yifan Jiang,Zhao Qin,Wengang Qu,Chao Chen,Jiankan Zhang
The carbon dots (CDs) were obtained by oxidation etching of coal pitch powder with peroxic acid. The CDs/Fe 2 O 3 composites were in-situ prepared by hydrothermal method. The composition, morphology and structure of CDs and CDs/Fe 2 O 3 were analyzed by TEM/HRTEM, XRD, EDS and XPS. The effects of CDs, Fe 2 O 3 and CDs/Fe 2 O 3 on the thermal decomposition of TKX-50 were studied by DSC-MS-FTIR and in-situ-solid FTIR. The three materials decreased the peak temperature of TKX-50 by 12.1, 33.9 and 39.0℃ (under the warming rate of 10℃·min −1 ). The CDs/Fe 2 O 3 showed best catalytic performance. The carboxyl group contained on the surface of CDs adsorbed NH 3 , inhibiting the formation of by-decomposition products ABTOX. Besides assimilating NH 3 and restraining the agglomeration of Fe 2 O 3 , the CDs/Fe 2 O 3 provided more active sites for decomposition which reduce the decomposition and activation energy of TKX-50 and promoted the reaction. Furthermore, CDs/Fe 2 O 3 reduced the ignition delay time of TKX-50 and significantly increased the flame propagation speed and flame area. Therefore, CDs and its compound CDs/Fe 2 O 3 have excellent application prospects in solid propellant combustion catalysts.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
燃烧学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
·
2024
·
IF 5.8
Ming Zhang,Fengqi Zhao,Hexin Liu,Na Li,Yifan Jiang,Zhen Zhang,Hui Li,Zhao Qin
Novel graphene iron tannate and graphene iron gallate nanocomplex (G-D-Fe and G-M-Fe) were designed, prepared and characterized by SEM , EDS , FTIR, RAMAN and XPS equipment. The catalytic property of the G-D-Fe and G-M-Fe for energetic TKX-50 was explored by DSC , kinetic calculation and laser ignition. The synthesized G-D-Fe and G-M-Fe present a positive impact on pyrolysis and ignition combustion of TKX-50, resulting in the significantly reduced decomposition temperature , activation energy ( E a ) and ignition delay time. After adding G-D-Fe (G-M-Fe), the first and second decomposition peak temperatures ( T FDP and T SDP ) of TKX-50 were decreased by 42.3 °C (43.9 °C) and 45.0 °C (49.6 °C), respectively. At the conversion degree of 0.2–0.8, the nonlinear kinetic data showed that after adding G-D-Fe and G-M-Fe, the E a of TKX-50 decreased from 163.5 to 141.3 and 145.4 kJ·mol −1 respectively. Additionally, after adding G-D-Ni and G-M-Ni, the laser ignition delay time of TKX-50 was reduced from 58 ms to 26 ms and 28 ms, respectively. The possible catalytic mechanism of preferred combustion catalyst G-D-Fe was disclosed by in-situ FTIR and gas-phase MS-FTIR analysis. The results are helpful to broaden the catalysts for pyrolysis and ignition combustion of TKX-50 and to disclose the catalytic mechanism.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Energetic Materials
·
2019
·
IF 1.649
Wenbo Dong,Shusen Chen,Shaohua Jin,Yu Chen
Dihydroxylammonium 5,5ʹ-bistetrazole-1,1ʹ-diolate (TKX-50) is an energetic ionic salt with excellent properties of low mechanical sensitivity, environment-friendliness, and low toxicity. It meets the requirement of high insensitivity for military high-energy explosives. However, the poor crystal habit of TKX-50 in most solvents, as well as its poor adhesive ability with conventional binders, has limited its application. In the present work, we report a novel strategy to improve the morphology and surface property of TKX-50 using an environmentally friendly anionic polyelectrolyte, carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC), by the anti-solvent method. The scanning electron microscope analysis indicates that the morphology of TKX-50 was greatly altered in the presence of CMC, resulting in TKX-50 granules with low aspect ratios. Molecular dynamics simulation was conducted to explore the mechanism of such morphological change. It was found that the combined action of ethanol and CMC promoted the growth of (110) and (011), while the (020) still dominated the crystal growth, resulting in the low aspect ratio of TKX-50. The effects of CMC coating on the particle size of TKX-50 and the interaction between CMC and TKX-50 were investigated with the focused beam reflectance measurement and particle video microscope. Further characterization suggested that the highest coating efficiency (R) could be obtained at the CMC content of 4% with which granular TKX-50 crystals were produced. The non-isothermal kinetic study revealed that the CMC coating also improved the thermal stability of TKX-50. Our work has provided a novel method to improve the properties of TKX-50 for its practical application.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
爆炸化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）