In this study, ZnO ceramics with two types of TPMS structure (Gyroid structure and Schwartz P structure) were fabricated by 3D printing . The solid content of ZnO ceramics powder was 38 wt%. The solid content of SR454NS Acrylic was 57 wt%. The other components of the slurry were photoinitiator, dispersant and sintering additive. The ZnO ceramics with high densification could be achieved after sintering at 1250 °C for 2 h. The average grain size was 37 μm and the true density of the printed ZnO ceramics was 4.95 g/cm 3 . The shape of printed ZnO ceramics can be controlled and the minimum size of thin rod is 200 μm. The compressive strength for Gyroid structural ZnO ceramic with 55% porosity and the Schwartz P structural ZnO ceramic was approximately 6.87 MPa and 4.02 MPa, respectively. The result shows that the Gyroid structural ZnO ceramics can bear much more deformation than the Schwartz P structure during the compression tests. The TPMS structural ZnO ceramics can be used in the field of sensing and detection in the future.
Critical bone defects caused by trauma, bone tumors, and infections are still challenges in clinical surgery. Digital light processing printing of hydroxyapatite (HAp) scaffolds can fabricate high-resolution personalized bone repair scaffolds. However, creating load-bearing bone regeneration HAp scaffolds with satisfactory mechanical property remain challenging. This study investigated the enhancement of the HAp scaffold mechanical properties from both structural and material perspectives. Structurally, the diamond structure model was optimized to Triply Periodic Minimal Surface structures, increasing the compressive strength of scaffolds from 2.2 to 7.2 MPa. Material-wise, ZnO was incorporated as second-phase particle, improved the compressive strength of HAp scaffolds from 7.2 to 13.7 MPa. Additionally, the incorporation of zinc ions enhanced the bioactivity of the HAp scaffolds. Animal mechanical testing revealed that the enhanced scaffolds effectively supported load-bearing. The HAp/ZnO-TPMS scaffolds exhibited excellent mechanical properties and promoted cellular osteogenic differentiation, showing potential for clinical development and application.
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