Jianping Liang,Can Cui,Wenge Ren,Linglin Li,Linyi Lv,Xianhui Huang,Xiangmei Li
Introduction Tenvermectin (TVM) is a novel avermectin-class drug that has attracted attention for its superior antiparasitic potency, low toxicity, and broad-spectrum activity. However, uncertainty about its interaction with cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) has raised concerns about potential therapeutic failure, increased risk of toxicity, dangerous drug combinations, and prolonged discontinuation periods. Method To address these critical safety concerns, we conducted a systematic comparative study using a highly selective and quantitatively accurate substrate conversion assay to assess and compare the effects of TVM and ivermectin (IVM) on the activities of key CYPs (CYP1A1/2, 2B1, 2C6, 2D2, and 3A1/2). Results TVM induced CYP1A, 2C, 2D and 3A activities only at high therapeutic doses (2.5 mg/kg), and its induction was significantly weaker than that of IVM at all doses tested, with the most pronounced difference for CYP3A1/2. Although TVM had weak inhibitory effects on CYP2B1 and 2D2, at therapeutic concentrations these effects are presumably unlikely to cause clinically significant CYP-mediated drug interactions. Conclusion As the first study to report the effects of TVM on CYP enzyme activity, these findings provide important experimental evidence and a theoretical framework for its clinical safety assessment, development of optimal dosing regimens, and rational polypharmacy strategies.
Tenvermectin (TVM) is a novel 16-membered macrolide compound isolated and purified from the fermentation broth of genetically engineered Streptomyces avermitilis strain MHJ1011 . TVM and ivermectin were administered at the dose of 0.3 mg/kg body weight through a single subcutaneous injection route followed by plasma collectiom and analysis at different time intervals. Plasma concentrations of TVM and IVM were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector. Pharmacokinetic analysis was completed using the non-compartmental method with WinNonlin™ 6.4 software. TVM is rapidly absorbed after administration with peak plasma concentrations ( C max , 9.78 ± 2.34 ng/ml) obtained within 6–22 h. AUC 0-last was 586.86 h·ng/ml ± 121.24 h·ng/ml. The mean elimination half-life of TVM ( T 1/2λz ) was 97.99 h ± 46.41 h. The T 1/2λz of IVM was 146.59 h ± 22.26 h in the study. The present study showed that subcutaneous administration of TVM at 0.3 mg/kg body weight (BW) in swine is absorbed more rapidly than IVM in swine. Compared to the pharmacokinetic characteristics of IVM, there was little difference in the half-life of TVM among different individuals. The data will contribute to refining the formulation and dosage regime for TVM administration.
Tenvermectin (TVM) is a novel 16-membered macrocyclic lactone antibiotics, which contains component TVM A and TVM B. However there is not any report on safety and clinical efficacy of TVM for developing as a potential drug. In order to understand the part of safety and clinical efficacy of TVM, we conducted the acute toxicity test, the standard bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test and the clinical deworming test. In the acute toxicity studies , TVM, TVM A and ivermectin (IVM) were administrated once by oral gavage to mice and rats. Results showed that the oral LD 50 values of TVM, TVM A and IVM in mice were 74.41, 106.95 and 53.06 mg/kg respectively. The oral LD 50 values of TVM and TVM A in rats were determined to be 164.22 and 749.34 mg/kg respectively. TVM and IVM are moderately toxic substances, meanwhile the TVM A belongs to low toxic compounds, implying that the acute toxicity is highly related to the length of side chain of TVM at position C25. In the Ames test , results showed that TVM did not induce mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA97a, TA98, TA100, TA102 and TA1535 with and without metabolic activation system, speculating that the mutagenicity is probably not related to the side chain at position C25 of 16-membered macrocyclic lactone antibiotics. In the efficacy trail of TVM against swine nematodes, growing pigs natural infection of Ascaris suum and Trichuris suis were treated with a single subcutaneous injection 0.3 mg/kg b.w.. Results showed that TVM and IVM had excellent effect in expelling Ascaris suum , and TVM had potential efficacy against Trichuris suis , however IVM had no effect on Trichuris suis . This study suggests that the side chain of TVM at position C25 may have important biological functions, which is one of the key sites of the studies on structure-activity relationship of 16-membered macrocyclic lactone compounds. TVM is a new compound exhibited some advantages worthy of developing.
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