ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
·
2016
·
IF 4.839
Jing Li,Xufa Ma,Guanyong Su,John P. Giesy,Yuan Xiao,Bingsheng Zhou,Robert J. Letcher,Chunsheng Liu
Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) is considered a re-emerging environmental pollutant, and exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations has been shown to cause individual developmental toxicity in zebrafish and the water flea ( Daphnia magna ). However, multigenerational effects during exposure to TDCIPP and after subsequent recovery were unknown. In the present study, individuals of a model aquatic organism, the ciliated protozoan, T. thermophila were exposed to environmentally-relevant concentrations of TDCIPP (0, 300 or 3000 ng/L) for 60 days (e.g., theoretically 372 generations) followed by a 60-day period of recovery, during which T. thermophila were not exposed to TDCIPP. During exposure and after exposure, effects at the molecular, histological, individual and population levels were examined. Multigenerational exposure to 300 or 3000 ng TDCIPP/L for 60 days significantly decreased numbers of individuals, sizes of individuals, expressed as length and width of bodies, number of cilia, and depth and diameter of basal bodies of cilia, and up-regulated expressions of genes related to assembly and maintenance of cilia. Complete or partial recoveries of theoretical sizes of populations as well as sizes of individuals and expressions of genes were observed during the 60-day recovery period. Effects on number of cilia and depth and diameter of basal body of cilia were not reversible and could still be observed long after cease of TDCIPP exposure. Collectedly, and shown for the first time, multigenerational effects to T. thermophila were caused by exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of TDCIPP. Also, there were multi-generational effects at the population level that were not caused by carry-over exposure to TDCIPP. The “permanent” alterations and their potential significance are discussed.
研究领域:
环境毒理学
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分子生物学
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DOI
高影响因子
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 4.3
Hongming Tang,Juan Liu,Dong Sheng,Xu Ren,Qinghua Yu,Zhixin Guo,Yunpeng Wu,Yuxiao Liu,Yuehan Xiao,Wei Wang,Shigen Ye,Weijia Zhou
Isobavachalcone (IBC), a bioactive flavonoid derived from Psoralea corylifolia , exhibits potent anti-ciliate activity, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Utilizing Tetrahymena thermophila as a model organism, we demonstrated that IBC induces dose-dependent mortality (12 h-IC 50 : 1.39 mg/L) and inhibits growth. Mechanistically, IBC triggers oxidative stress by elevating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and disrupting antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione (GSH). This disruption leads to membrane damage, as evidenced by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and ATPase inhibition, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction. Microscopic examination and staining confirmed that cell death occurs via necrotic cell death rather than apoptosis. Transcriptome analysis revealed key pathways, including peroxisome-mediated oxidation, glutathione metabolism, and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, further supporting the role of IBC in oxidative and structural disruption. These findings elucidate the anti-ciliate mechanism of IBC, providing valuable insights for developing targeted anti-parasitic agents.
研究领域:
微生物学
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药理学
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分子生物学
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寄生虫学
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氧化应激
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药物作用机制
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
·
2021
·Vol. 122
·期 12
·1817-1831
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IF 4.429
Hongrui Lv,Lina Hu,Jing Xu,Tao Bo,Wei Wang
Cysteine is a crucial component for all organisms and plays a critical role in the structure, stability, and catalytic functions of many proteins. Tetrahymena has reverse transsulfuration and de novo pathways for cysteine biosynthesis. Cysteine synthase is involved in the de novo cysteine biosynthesis and catalyzes the production of cysteine from O -acetylserine. The novel cysteine synthase TtCSA2 was identified from Tetrahymena thermophila . The TtCSA2 showed high expression levels at the log-phase and the sexual development stage. The TtCsa2 was localized on the outer mitochondrial membrane throughout different developmental stages. However, the truncated N -terminal signal peptide mutant TtCsa2-ΔN23 was localized into the mitochondria. His-TtCsa2 was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using affinity chromatography. The His-TtCsa2 showed O -acetylserine sulfhydrylase and serine sulfhydrylase activities. Cysteine and glutathione contents decreased in the csa2 KD mutant. Furthermore, mutant cells were sensitive to cadmium and copper stresses. This study indicated that the TtCSA2 was involved in the cysteine synthesis in mitochondria and related to heavy metal stresses resistance in Tetrahymena .
研究领域:
分子生物学
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生物化学
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细胞生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2020
·
IF 9.038
Jing Li,Jie Wang,Sen Hou,Yichao Huang,Hexia Chen,Zhiqiang Sun,Da Chen
A number of bisphenol A (BPA) analogues are increasingly used as its industrial alternatives. However, their effects on aquatic organisms at both individual and population levels have not been well understood. In this study, effects of five bisphenol analogues (i.e., BPA, BPAF, BPB, BPE and BPS) were investigated by using the unicellular eukaryote Tetrahymena thermophila as a model organism. All of them inhibited individual growth and population proliferation at a concentration of 2.6 μM or 13.0 μM during the 60-h exposure period, with the population suppression capacify ranked as: BPB > BPA ≈ BPAF > BPE > BPS. These analogues also exhibited chemical-specific disruption of fatty acid profiles in single-cell eukaryotes and the transcriptional levels of enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism/biosynthesis. For example, exposure to BPA and BPE significantly increased the ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids, contrary to the desaturation effects exhibited by BPAF and BPB. Overall, our results clearly indicated that these bisphenol analogues could pose chemical-specific effects on low-trophic level aquatic organisms, particularly disruption of endogenous metabolic balances. Selected analogues (i.e., BPB and BPAF) could result in effects similar to or even greater than that of BPA.
研究领域:
环境科学
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毒理学
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水生生物学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
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2020
·
IF 4.872
Hui Hao,Yao Dang,Sheng Chen,Qian Sun,Ren Kong,Shiyang Cheng,Chunsheng Liu
Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) is one of the most widely used organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) and is frequently detected in a variety of environmental media. Previous studies reported that TPHP had toxic effects on vertebrates, but little toxic information was available in lower trophic aquatic organisms which were more sensitive to the exposure of many toxic substances. In this study, protozoa Tetrahymena thermophila ( T. thermophila ) were exposed to 0, 0.01, 0.17 or 2.35 mg/L TPHP for 5 days to study the effects of sub-chronic exposure on theoretical population, cell viability, cell size and number of cilia. Additionally, the effects of TPHP on gene transcription were assessed by transcriptome sequencing technique (RNA-Seq). Cell viability and number of cilia were significantly reduced in all TPHP exposure groups compared with the control. In addition, exposure to 0.17 or 2.35 mg/L TPHP significantly reduced the theoretical population, circumference and body width, and there was a significant decrease in body length in the 2.35 mg/L exposure group. Comparative transcriptome sequencing identified a total of 4105 up- and 4487 down-regulated genes after exposure to 2.35 mg/L TPHP for 5 days compared with the control. KEGG analysis showed that dysfunction of pathways associated with ribosome, spliceosome, phagosome, proteasome and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum in this study might be responsible for the toxicity of T. thermophila caused by TPHP. In general, the results indicated that TPHP had an adverse effect on the protozoa T. thermophila .
研究领域:
环境毒理学
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分子生物学
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水生毒理学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2025
·
IF 8.5
Wenliang Lei,Juan Liu,Wenyong Zhang,Jing Xu,Tao Bo,Zhiwen Wang,Wei Wang
H 2 S is a crucial endogenous gaseous signaling molecule involved in various metabolic pathways and is associated with the biological response to heavy metal stress. The biomineralization of CdS serves as a critical mechanism for responding to cadmium stress and removing Cd 2+ in different organisms. CdS is also a widely utilized semiconductor material for the photocatalytic degradation of dyes. In this study, we found that cysteine synthetase 1 (TtCsa1) is involved in CdS formation under cadmium stress in Tetrahymena thermophila . TtCsa1 also catalyzed CdS formation in vitro, and the synthesized CdS material exhibited controllable particle size and photoluminescence. Concurrently, cysteine and glutathione functioned as capping agents to regulate CdS particle size. The biosynthetically produced CdS degraded 90 % of methylene blue under UV light. Furthermore, CdS-ZnS nanocomposites were synthesized by adding Zn 2+ into the CdS biosynthetic system, which decreased the size of CdS particles and increased the degradation rate of methylene blue. The results indicate that the CdS biosynthesized by TtCsa1 from Tetrahymena thermophila is effective in the photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes.
研究领域:
生物化学
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环境科学
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材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY
·
2020
·Vol. 68
·期 2
·e12834
·
IF 2.143
Hongrui Lv,Jing Xu,Tao Bo,Wei Wang
Cysteine is implicated in important biological processes. It is synthesized through two different pathways. Cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase participate in the reverse transsulfuration pathway, while serine acetyltransferase and cysteine synthase function in the de novo pathway. Two evolutionarily related pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-dependent enzymes, cystathionine β-synthase TtCBS1 (TTHERM_00558300) and cysteine synthase TtCSA1 (TTHERM_00239430), were identified from a freshwater protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila . TtCbs1 contained the N-terminal heme binding domain, catalytic domain, and C-terminal regulatory domain, whereas TtCsa1 consisted of two α/β domains. The catalytic core of the two enzymes is similar. TtCBS1 and TtCSA1 showed high expression levels in the vegetative growth stage and decreased during the sexual developmental stage. TtCbs1 and TtCsa1 were localized in the cytoplasm throughout different developmental stages. His-TtCbs1 and His-TtCsa1 were expressed and purified in vitro. TtCbs1 catalyzed the canonical reaction with the highest velocity and possessed serine sulfhydrylase activity. TtCsa1 showed cysteine synthase activity with high K m for O-acetylserine and low K m for sulfide and also had serine sulfhydrylase activity toward serine. Both TtCbs1 and TtCsa1 catalyzed hydrogen sulfide producing. TtCBS1 knockdown and TtCSA1 knockout mutants affected cysteine and glutathione synthesis. TtCbs1 and TtCsa1 are involved in cysteine synthesis through two different pathways in T . thermophila .
研究领域:
生物化学
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分子生物学
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微生物学
·
细胞生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
·
2025
·Vol. 91
·期 10
·
IF 3.7
Wenliang Lei,Juan Liu,Jing Xu,Wei Wang
Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) is a pivotal enzyme in the transsulfuration metabolic pathway, catalyzing the synthesis of H2S and cystathionine. These metabolites mediate stress responses and maintain cellular redox homeostasis. In Tetrahymena thermophila, TtCBS1 expression was upregulated under cadmium stress, with cysteine further enhancing its transcription. The recombinant His-TtCbs1 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by affinity chromatography. The His-TtCbs1 catalyzed the synthesis of monodisperse cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) in cysteine and Cd2+ solutions. The QDs exhibited an average diameter of 3.51 nm, with size increasing over reaction time. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed characteristic amide I (1,640 cm⁻¹) and amide II (1,520 cm⁻¹) peaks, confirming interactions of CdS and the protein. Cysteine and glutathione stabilized the CdS QDs in the solution. Under UV light irradiation, the CdS QDs decolorized 91% of methyl orange. This study shows that CBS from protists mitigates cadmium toxicity by synthesizing CdS QDs. The biosynthesized CdS QDs also function as effective biocatalysts for the decolorization of organic dyes.
研究领域:
分子生物学
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环境生物技术
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微生物学
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纳米生物技术
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重金属毒理学
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酶工程
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氧化还原稳态
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
·
2020
·
IF 4.346
Hui Hao,Siliang Yuan,Shiyang Cheng,Qian Sun,John P. Giesy,Chunsheng Liu
As a typical organophosphorus flame retardant, tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) has been widely detected in various environmental media. Toxicity of TCEP to vertebrates have been investigated, but potential effects on lower trophic level species were unknown to date. In this study, toxic effects and molecular mechanisms of toxic actions of TCEP on the aquatic protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila were evaluated by use of phenotypic observations, transcriptome sequencing analysis and real-time quantitative PCR detection. Exposure to 0.044, 0.411 or 4.26 mg/L TCEP for 5 days decreased the theoretical population, cell viability, number of cilia and cell size of Tetrahymena thermophila in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, RNA-Seq analysis indicated that exposure to 4.26 mg/L TCEP significantly changed expression of 2932 genes (up-regulation: 1228; down-regulation: 1704). Of these, expressions of 9, 10 and 17 genes that were enriched in soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) interaction in vesicular transport, proteasome and endocytosis pathway respectively were down-regulated. Data collected during this study suggested that exposure to high concentrations of TCEP might affect growth and reproduction of Tetrahymena thermophila through down-regulating transcriptional levels of genes encoding proteins associated with vesicle trafficking, proteasome and endocytosis.
研究领域:
环境毒理学
·
分子生物学
·
原生动物学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
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