A Ti/Sb–SnO2 electrode modified with titanium nitride (TiN) nanoparticles was prepared by the pulse electro-codeposition method. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy show that compared with Ti/Sb–SnO2, the Ti/Sb–SnO2–TiN electrode has a small unit cell volume of tetragonal SnO2 and a refined, compact particle film. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis shows that introducing titanium nitride nanoparticles facilitates the formation of Sb5+. And the adsorbed hydroxyl oxygen species content of Ti/Sb–SnO2–TiN (43.07%) is higher than that of Ti/Sb–SnO2 (21.85%), indicating that the Ti/Sb–SnO2–TiN electrode has more active sites for electrochemical oxidation of organic pollutants. In 0.25 M Na2SO4 solution, the charge transfer resistance of Ti/Sb–SnO2–TiN (150 ohm) is much smaller than that of Ti/Sb–SnO2 (1334 ohm). With a constant current density of 100 mA cm−2, the accelerated service lifetime of Ti/Sb–SnO2–TiN is improved significantly, which is 15.7 times as long as that of Ti/Sb–SnO2. The Ti/Sb–SnO2–TiN electrode is demonstrated to have a prominent ability for oxidative decolorization of methylene blue. The results also confirm that the Ti/Sb–SnO2–TiN electrode has a higher decolorization efficiency and kinetic rate constant, which are 1.54 and 3.24 times as efficient as those of Ti/Sb–SnO2, respectively.
Sb-doped SnO2 electrode was fabricated by the one-step pulse electro-codeposition method, and was modified through either cerium dioxide nanoparticle (nano-CeO2) or cerium ion doping. The results showed that the effects of nano-CeO2 doping and cerium ion doping are quite different. Nano-CeO2 doping shrinks the unit cell volume, improves the degree of crystallinity and refines crystalline grains, while cerium ion doping expands the volume and deteriorates the crystallinity. Nano-CeO2 doping mitigates the surface antimony enrichment and promotes the complete oxidation of antimony so that the majority of antimony oxidation states exist as the Sb5+ state, but cerium ion doping aggravates the enrichment and increases the Sb3+ content. Electrochemical phenol degradation showed that the Ti/Sb–SnO2–CeO2 electrode has a higher degradation efficiency and its kinetic rate constant is 1.46 times as much as that of Ti/Ce–Sb–SnO2. Besides, due to the compact active layer of Ti/Sb–SnO2–CeO2 protecting the titanium substrate from passivation, the accelerated service lifetime of Ti/Sb–SnO2–CeO2 is prolonged, which is 1.28 times as long as that of Ti/Ce–Sb–SnO2.
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