In this research work, the Ti2SnC MAX phase (MP) was synthesized via the reactive sintering procedure. The layered and crystalline structure of this MP was verified by SEM, HRTEM, and XRD analyses. This nano-additive was used for improvement of different features of the polyethersulfone (PES) polymeric membranes. The blended membranes containing diverse quantities of the MP (0–1 wt%) were fabricated by a non-solvent-induced phase inversion method. The asymmetric structure of the membranes with small holes in the top layer and coarse finger-like holes and macro-voids in the sublayer was observed by applying SEM analysis. The improvement of the membrane’s hydrophilicity was verified via reducing the contact angle of the membranes from 63.38° to 49.77° (for bare and optimum membranes, respectively). Additionally, in the presence of 0.5 wt% MP, the pure water flux increased from 286 h to 355 L/m2h. The average roughness of this membrane increased in comparison with the bare membrane, which shows the increase in the filtration-available area. The high separation efficiency of the oil/water emulsion (80%) with an improved flux recovery ratio of 65% was illustrated by the optimum blended membrane.
Jingwen Tang,Wei Zheng,Hanning Zhang,Peigen Zhang,Jianxiang Ding,Congyuan Zeng,Wei Zhang,Nosipho Moloto,ZhengMing Sun
Tin-based anode materials, while notable for their high volumetric capacity, often experience rapid capacity decay during cycling due to volume expansion, pulverization, and agglomeration. Herein, we synthesized a nanoscale composite through a thermo-mechanochemical process utilizing the mechanical anisotropy of Ti 2 SnC MAX phase. This composite incorporates in-situ generated nano-Sn particles within a Ti 2 SnC matrix characterized by Sn vacancies. The strategic integration of uniformly nano-Sn particles and the refined granularity of the Ti 2 SnC matrix markedly enhance the electrochemical properties of the anode. Impressively, it maintains a volumetric capacity of 1430 mAh cm −3 after 400 cycles, equivalent to approximately 3370 h, at a current density of 0.1 A g −1 . Post-cycling analysis reveals the transformation of Sn into a nanocrystalline state and the gradual exposure of more Sn active sites within the Ti 2 SnC matrix, significantly enhancing lithium-ion storage performance. This study highlights the crucial role of the A-site atomic layer in MAX phases and, considering the compositional diversity of MAX phases, offers new insights and broad applicability in lithium-ion battery technologies.
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