Chunquan Li,Zhiming Sun,Ankang Song,Xiongbo Dong,Shuilin Zheng,Dionysios D. Dionysiou
Natural minerals are generally accepted as one of the most suitable carriers to support TiO 2 in photocatalytic and other applications because of their abundance, low cost, large surface area, and easy recyclability. Hence, in this work, a novel 0D/2D TiO 2 /kaolinite composite endowed with presence of oxygen vacancies and surface defect sites was synthesized through a mild sol-gel method combining with nitrogen induction. Ciprofloxacin (CIP) was taken as the main target organic pollutant to study the photocatalytic performance of the synthesized catalyst. The results showed that the nitrogen treated TiO 2 /kaolinite composite exhibited improving degradation performance for adsorption-photocatalytic elimination of CIP within broad radiation spectrum (200–800 nm). The synthesized composite exhibited enhanced reaction rate constant which is nearly 7.00, 2.54 and 3.13 times higher than that of bare TiO 2 treated with air under UV, solar, and visible light, respectively. Moreover, the newly prepared composite also exhibited significant enhancement towards the removal of formaldehyde under both UV and visible light. Radical scavenger experiments and ESR results indicated that holes should be the main oxidizing species within broad spectrum in the degradation system. The enhanced activity of nitrogen treated composite is mainly attributed to the induced oxygen vacancies as well as the intimate interface contact between TiO 2 and kaolinite , resulting in smaller grain size, higher light absorption ability, and faster carrier separation efficiency. It is expected that this high-efficiency composite photocatalyst based on natural minerals will be a promising candidate for the elimination of pharmaceutical and personal care products and volatile organic compounds within broad radiation spectrum.
Chunquan Li,Zhiming Sun,Xiongbo Dong,Shuilin Zheng,Dionysios D. Dionysiou
In this study, sol-gel method modified with acetic acid (CH 3 COOH) was employed to facilely synthesize hydrogen functionalized TiO 2 /kaolinite composite. Weak acid (CH 3 COOH) was used to modify the surface of TiO 2 /kaolinite composite in order to activate TiO 2 surface and generate more hydroxyl groups. The modified surface can act as Lewis acid sites to allow the physisorption of uncharged carboxyl acid groups, which is believed to be beneficial for electron injection and transfer. Using ciprofloxacin (CIP) as the target pollutant, in comparison with the use of strong acid such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) or sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), it was found that CH 3 COOH functionalized TiO 2 /kaolinite composite possessed the strongest adsorption ability and exhibited highest degradation efficiency under broad spectrum (200–800 nm). Moreover, the concentration of CH 3 COOH required is low (0.1 mol/L) in this work. The results show that the CH 3 COOH treated sample exhibited much higher degradation rates than bare TiO 2 or TiO 2 /kaolinite composite under both UV light and visible light. The kinetic constants under UV light were almost 2.61 and 1.57 times higher than those of TiO 2 and TiO 2 /kaolinite, respectively. According to the X-ray diffraction (XRD), N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) as well as Raman characterization results, it is revealed that the improved photocatalytic activity can be mainly attributed to the CH 3 COOH functionalization towards the TiO 2 /kaolinite composite. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to explore the interface effect between TiO 2 and kaolinite as well as the function of newly introduced hydrogen on the surface of the composite, which significantly contributes to better understanding the function of CH 3 COOH in the constructed system. On the other hand, electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis suggests that the main oxidation species in the degradation process under broad light spectrum illumination was the holes. This study also provides information about the enhancement mechanism. New insights in photocatalysts synthesis and properties adjustment based on natural minerals for the elimination of organic contaminants of emerging concern in water was successfully introduced in the present study.
Chunquan Li,Ningyuan Zhu,Xiongbo Dong,Xiaoyu Zhang,Ting Chen,Shuilin Zheng,Zhiming Sun
Lamellar kaolinite supported monodispersed TiO 2 was prepared through rational design and 0D/2D structural assembly, which showed significantly improved photocatalytic performance towards ciprofloxacin. After systematic evaluation, the pseudo-first-order kinetic constant rate of TiO 2 /kaolinite composite can reach to 0.04549 min −1 , which was 6.90 and 1.81 times higher than that of pure TiO 2 and P25, respectively. The nano-TiO 2 /kaolinite composite photocatalyst also displayed good reusability performance, only a slight decline occurred after four repeated experiments, which is beneficial for the large-scale application of photocatalysts. Various characterizations indicated that enhanced photocatalytic performance can be ascribed to the synergistic effect between natural kaolinite and the well distributed TiO 2 , which enhanced the light absorption ability, assisted the dispersion of pure TiO 2 , resulted in co-catalysis effect, improved the separation facilitation of photo-induced carriers and promoted the stronger adsorption capacity, etc. These merits effectively regulated the carriers’ lifetime and migration velocity of the photogenerated charge carriers. Considering the excellent properties of natural kaolinite (low cost, abundance, stability, etc.), our study provides a promising candidate for effective degradation of trace amounts of pharmaceutical and personal care product (PPCP) or contaminants with potential high-toxic risk.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）