Yang Liu,Cong Wu,Hok Sum Sam Lai,Yan Ting Liu,Wen Jung Li,Ya Jing Shen
Artificial reconstruction of three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel microstructures would greatly contribute to tissue assembly in vitro, and has been widely applied in tissue engineering and drug screening. Recent technological advances in the assembly of functional hydrogel microstructures such as microfluidic, 3D bioprinting, and micromold-based 3D hydrogel fabrication methods have enabled the formation of 3D tissue constructs. However, they still lack flexibility and high efficiency, which restrict their application in 3D tissue constructs. Alternatively, we report a feasible method for the fabrication and reconstruction of customized 3D hydrogel blocks. Arbitrary hydrogel microstructures were fabricated in situ via flexible and rapid light-addressable electrodeposition. To demonstrate the versatility of this method, the higher-order assembly of 3D hydrogel blocks was investigated using a constant direct current (DC) voltage (6 V) applied between two electrodes for 20–120 s. In addition to the plane-based two-dimensional (2D) assembly, hierarchical structures—including multi-layer 3D hydrogel structures and vessel-shaped structures—could be assembled using the proposed method. Overall, we developed a platform that enables researchers to construct complex 3D hydrogel microstructures efficiently and simply, which has the potential to facilitate research on drug screening and 3D tissue constructs.Keywords:three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel assembly;TiOPc;alginate hydrogel;light-induced electrodeposition
Xiaolong Li,Jundi Wan,Yulu Tang,Chenyu Wang,Yahui Zhang,Dongjun Lv,Mingyuan Guo,Yongning Ma,Yuhao Yang
Navigating more effective methods to enhance the photon utilization of photodetectors poses a significant challenge. This study initially investigates the impact of morphological alterations in 2H-MoS2 on photodetector (PD) performance. The results reveal that compared to layered MoS2 (MoS2 NLs), MoS2 nanotubes (MoS2 NTs) impart a cavity enhancement effect through multiple light reflections. This structural feature significantly enhances the photodetection performance of the MoS2-based PDs. We further employ the heterojunction strategy to construct Y-TiOPc NPs:MoS2 NTs, utilizing Y-TiOPc NPs (Y-type titanylphthalocyanine) as the vis–NIR photosensitizer and MoS2 NTs as the photon absorption enhancer. This approach not only addresses the weak absorption of MoS2 NTs in the near-infrared region but also enhances carrier generation, separation, and transport efficiency. Additionally, the band bending phenomenon induced by trapped-electrons at the interface between ITO and the photoactive layer significantly enhances the hole tunneling injection capability from the external circuit. By leveraging the synergistic effects of the aforementioned strategies, the PD based on Y-TiOPc NPs:MoS2 NTs (Y:MT-PD) exhibits superior photodetection performance in the wavelength range of 365–940 nm compared to MoS2 NLs-based PD and MoS2 NTs-based PD. Particularly noteworthy are the peak values of key metrics for Y:MT-PD, such as EQE, R, and D* that are 4947.6%, 20588 mA/W, and 1.94 × 1012 Jones, respectively. The multiperiod time-resolved photocurrent response curves of Y:MT-PD also surpass those of the other two PDs, displaying rapid, stable, and reproducible responses across all wavelengths. This study provides valuable insights for the further development of photoactive materials with a high photon utilization efficiency.
The unique morphology and structure significantly enhance the performance of photoelectric detection. Herein, titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc) coarse crystal and microspheres are obtained by a simple physical vapor deposition (PVD) method designed to produce TiOPc structures that undergo significant changes in the crystal structure. The photoelectric experimental results show that the photocurrent of TiOPc coarse crystal and microspheres increases with the increase of voltage and exhibits better stability compared to the raw materials. Under a bias voltage of 10 V, the photoresponsivity of microspheres reaches the maximum, which is 77 times that of raw materials. Under different monochromatic lights, the raw materials are most sensitive to red light (850 nm), with a photocurrent of 1.3556 × 10 −6 mA, but the coarse crystal/microspheres are most sensitive to blue light (455 nm) with photocurrents of 1.281 × 10 −5 mA/2.609 × 10 −5 mA, respectively. It is worth mentioning that although the photocurrent and responsivity of coarse crystal are slightly lower than those of microspheres, the response speed is faster, with a rise/fall time is 271 and 194 ms, respectively. The good photoelectric properties indicate the potential research value of TiOPc coarse crystal and microspheres in the field of photoelectric detection.
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