Xia Lv,Xin-Xin Wang,Jie Hou,Zhong-Ze Fang,Jing-Jing Wu,Yun-Feng Cao,Shu-Wen Liu,Guang-Bo Ge,Ling Yang
Tolcapone and entacapone are two potent catechol- O -methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors with a similar skeleton and displaying similar pharmacological activities . However, entacapone is a very safe drug used widely in the treatment of Parkinson's disease , while tolcapone is only in limited use for Parkinson's patients and needs careful monitoring of hepatic functions due to hepatotoxicity. This study aims to investigate and compare the inhibitory effects of entacapone and tolcapone on human UDP-glucosyltransferases (UGTs), as well as to evaluate the potential risks from the view of drug-drug interactions (DDI). The results demonstrated that both tolcapone and entacapone exhibited inhibitory effects on UGT1A1, UGT1A7, UGT1A9 and UGT1A10. In contrast to entacapone, tolcapone exhibited more potent inhibitory effects on UGT1A1, UGT1A7, and UGT1A10, while their inhibitory potentials against UGT1A9 were comparable. It is noteworthy that the inhibition constants ( K i ) of tolcapone and entacapone against bilirubin- O -glucuronidation in human liver microsomes (HLM) are determined as 0.68 μM and 30.82 μM, respectively, which means that the inhibition potency of tolcapone on UGT1A1 mediated bilirubin- O -glucuronidation in HLM is much higher than that of entacapone. Furthermore, the potential risks of tolcapone or entacapone via inhibition of human UGT1A1 were quantitatively predicted by the ratio of the areas under the plasma drug concentration-time curve (AUC). The results indicate that tolcapone may result in significant increase in AUC of bilirubin or the drugs primarily metabolized by UGT1A1, while entacapone is unlikely to cause a significant DDI through inhibition of UGT1A1.
Dongting Huang,Huixin You,Lirong Chen,Yongjing Liu,Hua Li
This study extends the development of a Graphene oxide@Zirconium-based metal-organic framework@Deep eutectic solvents (GO@MOF-808@DESs) through hydrothermal self-assembly using zirconium chloride and 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (H 3 BTC), subsequently functionalized with four carbon-tailored fatty acid-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) via ultrasonic impregnation. Comprehensive characterization of GO@MOF-808@DES confirmed the successful surface modification via DES. A dispersive micro-solid phase extraction(D-μSPE) method was established employing GO@MOF-808@DESs as an adsorbent for efficient removal of residual entacapone (ETCP) and tolcapone (TCP) from water. Optimization of the D-μSPE method revealed optimal conditions at pH 9.0, with a sample volume of 40 mL, an adsorbent dosage of 20 mg, and an adsorption time of 60 min. Under these conditions, the method achieved a significant adsorption capacity of 86.50 ± 4.79 mg/g for ETCP and 126.21 ± 2.72 mg/g for TCP. Mechanistic investigation revealed chemically dominated adsorption kinetics through pseudo-second-order modeling and Langmuir isotherm fitting. Concurrently, density functional theory (DFT) studies demonstrated that the synergistic effect between carboxyl-mediated hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions led to enhanced adsorption performance. The engineered GO@MOF-808@DESs based D-μSPE method demonstrated superior performance in removing ETCP and TCP from river water matrices, achieving 99.67 % and 99.24 %, respectively. Meanwhile, a sensitive and reliable method for trace-level monitoring of ETCP and TCP residues in environmental waters was successfully proposed, employing GO@MOF-808@DESs-based D-μSPE coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). This study presents a robust strategy for fabricating high-performance GO@MOF-808@DESs composite materials, demonstrating significant potential for practical applications.
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