JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2018
·Vol. 137
·期 1
·47411
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IF 1.901
Zhun Li,Chuanchuan Liu,Weihong Cao,Qiang Yao
To take the advantage of reactivity of five-membered cyclic phosphorus compounds, 1,2,3-tri-phenyl-1,3,2-diazaphospholidine-2-oxide (TPDPO) was explored as a reactive flame retardant for epoxy resins (EPs). Through model compounds, it has been established that TPDPO selectively reacts with the secondary hydroxyl group and is inert toward both aryl amino groups and epoxide groups. The result of Soxhlet extraction supports that TPDPO is permanently bonded to the cured EPs. At a loading of only 8 wt % (0.74 wt % phosphorus), TPDPO enables the cured epoxy to achieve a UL-94 V0 rating. The thermogravimetric analysis–Fourier transform infrared analyses of the gaseous products suggest that the excellent flame retardancy of EP–TPDPO is partly due to the enhanced dehydration process of the epoxy. Also an increased char yield and the formation of a coherent char layer contribute to the good fire performance of EP–TPDPO. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137 , 47411.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2020
·Vol. 31
·期 8
·1765-1775
·
IF 2.578
Caixia Li,Chao Ma,Juan Li
Because of good thermal stability, nonflammability and rich structural designability, ionic liquids (ILs) have been used as flame retardants for poly(lactic acid) (PLA). However, as a small molecule, IL has the disadvantages of poor thermal stability and water resistance, and so on. In this paper, an imidazole-type poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) containing a phosphate anion was synthesized using 1-vinylimidazole, triethyl phosphate, and 1,2-divinylbenzene and marked as PDVE[DEP]. The PDVE[DEP] was used to improve the flame retardancy of PLA. The flame retardancy and thermal degradation behaviors of PLA/PDVE[DEP] composites were investigated by the limited oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning, cone calorimetry, and thermal gravity analysis, and so on. The results showed that only 1.0 wt% PDVE[DEP] allows PLA to achieve the UL-94 V0 rating and obtain LOI value 25.6 vol%. The PDVE[DEP] improve the flame retardancy of PLA by melting-away mode. In addition, it catalyzes the transesterification of PLA and changes the degradation products.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
·
2025
·
IF 5.1
Xiaoge Li,Yuting Dong,Zhiyong Li,Xiangyan Ji,Jingjing Meng,Kai Guo
Since less attention has been paid to the modification of trifunctional N, N-diglycidyl-4-glycidyloxyaniline (NNDG) epoxy resins. Initially, the 4, 4′-methylenedianiline (DDM) hardener was used to fabricate NNDG networks, and then, petroleum-based EPDOPO and vanillin-based BDBEP epoxy monomers containing DOPO motifs were developed to modify the NNDG/DDM network. Finally, the resulting resins were investigated on their thermal curing process and comprehensive behaviors. It is found that NNDG/DDM has an activation energy of 52.2 kJ/mol in polymerization reactions, whereas NNDG/EPDOPO/DDM and NNDG/BDBEP/DDM counterparts have activation energies of 48.7 kJ/mol and 55.4 kJ/mol, respectively. All thermosets have good storage moduli (2116.3–2892.5 MPa) and high phase transition temperatures (218.2–208.1 °C). Besides, the epoxy resins demonstrated favorable mechanical characteristics. On average, as to NNDG/BDBEP/DDM, the bending strength and modulus reached 129.83 MPa and 3.43 GPa, respectively, while its tensile strength reached up to 81.49 MPa. Most importantly, compared to EPDOPO, the bio-based BDBEP exhibits superior flame-retardant properties, thereby augmenting the flame-retardancy of NNDG/BDBEP/DDM to meet the UL-94-V0 rating. Therefore, in terms of excellent functionality and sustainability, the NNDG/BDBEP/DDM networks offer good overall performance for potential future applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
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消防安全工程
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
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2025
·
IF 8
Pei-Yuan Lv,Xiao-Lan Feng,Qi Shi,Jun-Jie Wan,Sai-Yu He,De-Mei Kong,Yang Li,Cheng-Fei Cao,Jie-Feng Gao,Wei Wang,Guo-Dong Zhang,Long-Cheng Tang
Wood, as a biomaterial with abundant reserves and ease of processing, is widely used in construction, furniture, and other sectors. However, its high flammability poses significant risks, leading to substantial property damage and casualties in the event of a fire. Therefore, the development of transparent coatings that integrate passive flame retardancy with an active fire warning response is crucial yet challenging for improving the fire safety of wood materials. In this study, we present a chitosan-based transparent hybrid network by combining cost-effective biomass-derived chitosan with NaH 2 PO 4 . The optimized network exhibits impressive tensile strength (∼30 MPa) and excellent transparency .(∼83 %). When applied to wood surfaces, it significantly enhances the fire resistance of the wood subtract, achieving a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 51.0 % and a UL-94 V0 rating. In addition, it demonstrates rapid fire alarm activation (<2 s) and reliable cyclic fire warning performance. Based on the burnt zone observation and chemical analysis, the flame-retardant mechanism was discussed. Furthermore, the flame -induced resistance transition mechanism of the chitosan composite was well investigated and presented. These remarkable properties render such chitosan-based bio-composite coatings as highly promising candidate for fire safety and protection applications of wooden construction.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子科学
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消防安全工程
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生物材料
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涂层技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER
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2025
·
IF 4.5
Gui-lin Hu,Ze-Yong Zhao,Qing Zhao,Wei-Chen Zhou,Cong Deng
The catastrophic fire hazards associated with natural rubber (NR) present critical challenges for its deployment in emerging energy and transportation systems, particularly in rail transit applications. Conventional flame-retardant modifications often compromise mechanical integrity due to interfacial incompatibility and uncontrolled filler distribution. Herein, we propose a dual interfacial engineering strategy that reconciles flame resistance with mechanical enhancement through: (1) Molecular-level interfacial integration at the surfaces of flame retardants by encapsulating and (2) Mesoscale phase-structure control via a biphasic crosslinking system. The first interfacial hierarchy establishes flame-retardant-enriched high-crosslink rubber (MFRHNR) with interfacial bonding at the phase boundaries. The second interfacial hierarchy arises from precisely engineered polysulfide bridges between MFRHNR and low-crosslink rubber (LNR) phases. This strategy of dual-interfacial graded vulcanization engineering-induced gradient crosslinked structure achieved unprecedented performance harmonization: The optimized composite attains the UL-94 V0 rating with a limiting oxygen index of 26 %, while exhibiting exceptional tensile strength (23.4 MPa) and elongation at break (993.3 %) – surpassing state-of-the-art flame-retardant NR systems. Remarkably, the strategy enables breakthrough dynamic performance: 51.3 % reduction in hysteretic heat generation and 26.4 % enhancement in wear resistance compared with that of control sample with equal amount of flame retardant, and outstanding low-temperature flexibility with 98.5 % angular deflection retention at −40 °C. This work provides a new design paradigm for mechanical robustness in flame-retarded elastomers.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子科学
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化学工程
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机械工程
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消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
·
2023
·
IF 13.1
Li Zhang,Qian Zhang,Weihong Cao,Zhenghong Guo,Zhengping Fang,Juan Li,Peng Chen
A phosphorous-silicon (SiP) precursor was synthesized using p-phthalaldehyde, (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenantrene-10-oxide. The SiP was used to fabricate a phosphorous-silicon hybrid microsphere (SiP-M) via the sol-gel method. The SiP-M was employed to enhance the flame retardancy of poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT). The results indicate that PBAT containing 0.1 wt% of SiP-M displays a UL-94 V0 rating and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 26.5 vol%. Meanwhile, PBAT containing 1.0 wt% SiP-M exhibits a UL-94 V0 rating and a LOI value of 29.8 vol%, and some reductions in peak heat release rate , total heat release, and total smoke production. The SiP-M functions in both the gas phase and condense phase in the PBAT blend, and the former is predominant. In addition, a coupling agent KH560 was used to modify the interface adhesion between PBAT and SiP-M. The tensile strength and elongation at the break of PBAT blends are enhanced by an appropriate amount of KH560. This work provides an efficient method for preparing flame-retardant PBAT without deteriorating its mechanical properties .
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
·
消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Chuanshen Wang,Haorui Dun,Lu Liu,Hongliang Ding,Hongfei He,Bicheng Lin,Wenyu Hu,Na Sun,Yuan Hu,Bin Yu
Traditional early fire warning systems struggle to meet the active protection demands of complex scenarios of environmental interference. Developing fire warning technologies with fast-response, self-powered, and intelligent interlocking capability has become an urgent priority to enhance safety protection levels. This study synthesized a hierarchical nanocomposite material based on thermoelectric Ag₂Se and polydopamine@carbon nanotubes (PDA@CNT). This composite was subsequently applied to the surface of mechanically strong and thermally stable Poly( p -phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fiber films to fabricate a dual-layer fire warning film. The output voltage of the composite film exhibited a strong linear relationship with temperature and can achieve over 100 cycles of repeatable fire warnings. The system can issue an fire warning signal within 1 s upon exposure to a heating stage at 200 °C. In combination with Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), the hierarchical nanocomposite material was applied to the surface of a flammable wood to construct a flame-retardant-early-warning structure. The treated wood achieved UL-94 V0, and 45.5 % and 42.1 % reductions in the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR), respectively., while retaining its sensitive fire warning functionality with an issuing signals within 4 s upon contact with a heating stage at 100 °C. By integrating Internet of Things (IoT) technology, a wireless intelligent thermoelectric response fire warning system with adjustable thresholds was developed, enabling rapid fire detection and real-time wireless transmission of fire warning signals. Voltage signals can be monitored in real-time via OLED displays and mobile devices, and the adjustable fire warning threshold voltage demonstrates flexibility in adapting to diverse application scenarios, showcasing the great potential for next-generation intelligent IoT-based fire warning applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
纳米技术
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消防安全工程
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物联网技术
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热电材料
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智能传感器
·
无线通信系统
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）