Bin Wu,Chaoji Xiong,Zhuo Xu,Kun Liang,Chunhua Wu,Wei Wu,Qian Chen
In order to synthesize green, low-toxicity, and novel antifungal agents. In this study, a rosin-based bisquaternary ammonium salt (Rbs) was synthesized using rosin amine and evaluated for its antifungal activity against F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum, F. graminearum, V. mali, P. capsica and A. solani . The results show that compared to benzalkonium bromide, Rbs has stronger inhibitory activity against five types of fungi, with the best activity against V. mali (EC 50 = 3.071 μg/mL), and has excellent sustained antifungal activity. In vivo tests have shown that Rbs has significant protective and therapeutic effects on apples . Using SEM, TEM, relative membrane permeability and density functional theory calculations, we found that Rbs causes organelle and cell membrane disruption, leading to leakage of cell contents and ultimately cell death. In addition, mouse toxicology showed that the toxicity of Rbs was low. These studies provide theoretical guidance for the development of subsequent fungicides.
Renle Xu,Yuhang Lou,Yanqing Gao,Shibin Shang,Zhanqian Song,Kerang Huang,Luqi Li,Lei Chen,Jian Li
To mitigate the impact of traditional chemical pesticides on environment, and achieve sustainable crop protection, 24 eco-friendly rosin-based sulfonamide derivatives were synthesized and developed. The in vitro activity assessment showed that compound 4X (Co. 4X) exhibited excellent fungicidal activity against V. mali (EC 50 = 1.106 μg/mL), marginally surpassing the positive control carbendazim (EC 50 = 1.353 μg/mL). In vivo investigations suggested that Co. 4X exhibited moderate efficacy in mitigating V. mali infection in both apple trees and apples. Physiological assessments revealed that Co. 4X induced severe ultrastructural damage to the mycelium, heightened cell membrane permeability, and inhibited SDH protein activity. Subsequent biosafety evaluations affirmed the environment-friendly of Co. 4X on Zebrafish (LC 50(96h) = 25.176 μg/mL). Toxicological research revealed that Co. 4X caused damage to the cells of Zebrafish gills, liver, and intestines, resulting in impaired respiratory, detoxification, digestion, and absorption functions of Zebrafish. In summary, the findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the toxicity mechanisms of novel pesticides, decreasing environmental risks caused by traditional chemical pesticides, and improving the effective management of novel pesticide applications.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）