Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using Ce/Fe/Ag tri-doped WO3/SiO2/SnO2 composite films
In recent years, the rapid economic development has significantly altered industrial production and human lifestyle, resulting in the exacerbation of water pollution. Consequently, photocatalytic technology has received considerable attention as an environmentally friendly and efficient approach for wastewater treatment. In this paper, WO 3 /SiO 2 /SnO 2 composite films were prepared by sol-gel method and subsequently co-doped with Ce, Fe and Ag ions. The photocatalytic performances of these modified composite films toward degradation of methyl green (MG) and tetracycline (TC) were systematically evaluated under UV and visible light irradiation. Comprehensive characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Nitrogen adsorption desorption isotherm test, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS), and photoluminescence (PL) spectrascopy, were employed to investigate the crystalline phase, morphology, particle size, chemical composition, specific surface area and optical properties of the prepared composite films. The PL spectral analysis revealed that the co-doping of Ce, Fe and Ag significantly enhanced the separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carrier in the WO 3 /SiO 2 /SnO 2 composite films. Radical trapping experiments demonstrated that superoxide radicals (·O 2 - ) and hydoxyl radicals (·OH) played predominant roles in the photocatalytic degradation process. Notably, the prepared photocatalyst maintained stable performance through five consecutive recycling tests, demonstrating excellent reusability. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the WO 3 /SiO 2 /SnO 2 -Ce/Fe/Ag composite films can be attributed to the impactful suppression of electron-hole recombination through the strategic incorporation of dopant ions.
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