Crystals
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2022
·Vol. 12
·期 2
·190
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IF 2.67
Lihong Jia,Wansen Ma,Qianyu Zhuang,Yani Zhang,Jie Dang
Metal ion modification is considered to be an effective way to construct metal oxides with specific physical and chemical properties. In this paper, we prepare a tungsten oxide (WO3) film co-modified by Co-ion and Mo-ion to serve as the electrochromic material through a one-step electrodeposition method. The effect of electrodeposition time on film thickness, surface morphology and electrochromic properties is systematically studied as well. The results show that, compared with pure WO3film, the surface morphology of the tungsten oxide film modified by Co-ion and Mo-ion (WO3: Co, Mo) is significantly different. The Co and Mo co-modified film possesses a higher transmission modulation (58.5% at 600 nm) and rapid switching speed (coloring and bleaching time are 2.7 s and 5.6 s, respectively), low impedance value and excellent cycle stability. The performance enhancement is mainly attributed to the coral-like structure of the membrane, which provides a larger specific surface area, more ion adsorption sites and faster ion diffusion. Therefore, this work provides a fast and low-cost method to prepare tungsten oxide electrochromic films co-modified with cobalt and molybdenum ions. At the same time, it also provides an idea to obtain films with different electrochromic properties by adjusting the film thickness.Keywords:electrochromic;metal ion modification;structure;WO3film
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
·
2018
·Vol. 54
·期 1
·286-301
·
IF 2.993
Fang Hongbiao,Cao Xin,Yu Jiajie,Lv Xiang,Yang Nan,Wang Tianhe,Jiang Wei
Tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) is a well-known photocatalyst, but its application is restricted due to its low conduction band and reduction power. In addition, WO 3 catalyst in powder forms has little application prospect because of difficulties in separation and regeneration. In this work, we prepared WO 3 /Ag/AgCl films on conventional glass that not only have much enhanced photocatalytic capability but also can be readily regenerated. The WO 3 film was prepared on glass substrate by calcination of spin-coated W precursor. Ag/AgCl particles were then deposited on WO 3 film by an impregnating–precipitation–photoreduction method. The photocatalytic efficiency of WO 3 /Ag/AgCl was evaluated by using methyl orange (MO) and Rhodamine B (RhB) as target pollutants. The highest photocatalytic performance was achieved with the 3-WO 3 /Ag/AgCl film, being 18 and 13 times higher than that of pure WO 3 film for degradation of MO and RhB, respectively. The degradation rate for both MO and RhB by 3-WO 3 /Ag/AgCl film catalyst decreased by less than 5% after five cycled tests. The photodegradation mechanism was discussed based on the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Nyquist tests, photoelectrochemical analysis and reactive oxygen species scavenging experiments. A possible all-solid-state Z-scheme mechanism is proposed based on the photoelectron chemical tests and radical trapping experiments. This study provides a feasible technique to prepare a photocatalytic film with practicability and reproducibility.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
·
2024
·
IF 8.1
Xuan Wu,Xingwu Guo,Chenjing Gao,Jing Luo,Lewen Nie,Juan Chen,Liming Peng
WO 3 -based optical hydrogen sensors, while advantageous due to their ignition-free operation and resistance to electromagnetic interference, face limitations due to slow response kinetics in hydrogen gasochromic processes. This study presents a novel post-treatment method using aqueous sulfuric acid, which significantly enhances the response speed of mesoporous Pt/WO 3 films. After treatment, the films exhibit an ultrashort response time of 2.4 s towards 4% H 2 /Ar, a marked improvement from 7.1 s prior to the treatment. The treated films also show excellent reversibility of 120 gasochromic cycles. The adsorbed acid layer is proved to be the cause of accelerated hydrogen gasochromic response. This exceptional performance is attributed to increased proton conductivity and the high porosity of the mesoporous structure. A modified model is proposed for the acceleration effect by acid post-treatment. Our post-treatment method represents a significant advancement in the reliable detection of hydrogen leaks at room temperature.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
Micromachines
·
2024
·Vol. 15
·期 12
·1486
·
IF 3
Yuqi Wang,Yong Liu,Minmin Wang,Wenjun Wu,Maofei Tian,Tao Zhu
This study introduces the development of a W-M1.0electrochromic film, characterized by a “coral”-like TiO2@WO3heterostructure, synthesized via a hydrothermal process leveraging the inherent instability of MXene. The film showcases exceptional electrochromic performance, with a coloring response time of 2.8 s, a bleaching response time of 4.6 s, and a high coloring efficiency of 137.02 cm2C−1. It also demonstrates a superior light modulation ability of 73.83% at 1033 nm. Notably, the W-M1.0film exhibits remarkable cyclic stability, retaining over 90% of its initial light modulation capacity after 4000 cycles, outperforming many existing electrochromic materials. The film’s enhanced performance is credited to its coral-like structure, which boosts the specific surface area and promotes ion transport, and the TiO2@WO3heterojunctions, which enhance charge transfer and stabilize the material. Devices fabricated with the W-M1.0film as the cathode and a PB film as the anode exhibit a seamless transition from dark blue to colorless, underscoring their potential for smart window and dynamic glass applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
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纳米技术
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电化学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
·
2018
·
IF 3.235
Yingjie Gu,Wenqiang Zheng,Yuyu Bu
In this study, a nanoflower structured WO 3 thin film has been prepared on an etched titanium substrate using a WO 3 seeds-assisted hydrothermal reaction method. The WO 3 nanoflower-like structure appeared when the growth time arrived at 4.75 h. Subsequently, this film went into a rapid growth stage. The nanoflower (NF) structured WO 3 thin film with 8 h of hydrothermal reaction possessed the best photoelectrochemical performance. The photoinduced current density was 2.0 mA·cm −2 at a bias potential of 1.23 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) under the illumination by a simulated sunlight (100 mW/cm 2 ) with a filter air mass (AM) 1.5 G. The improvement of the photoelectrochemical performance of the nanoflower structured WO 3 can be attributed to three aspects. Firstly, the light absorption capacity could be increased by the nanoflower structure. Secondly, the reactive sites could be enhanced due to the increased specific surface area of the nanoflower structured WO 3 . Finally, a direct transfer channel for the photogenerated electrons could be formed by the definite 2-dimentional WO 3 nanoflakes linked with the Ti substrate.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光电化学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 3.9
Zheng Ziming,Li Jingjing,Dong Xiaofei,Zeng Zifeng,Lin Kunhong,Li Jingling
The development of a simple and efficient method for preparing porous tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ) electrochromic films using structure-directing agents is highly urgent for their industrialization. To this end, this work presents an efficient approach using rapid co-pyrolysis of polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG-400) and ammonium metatungstate (AMT) to produce mesoporous WO 3 thin films. The findings indicate that the concentration of PEG influences both the wettability of the precursor solution on the FTO substrate and the state of the PEG micelle solution, ultimately leading to WO 3 films with diverse morphologies after the co-pyrolysis of AMT and PEG. The porous structure significantly enhances hydrogen ion intercalation/deintercalation, and thus improves electrochromic properties. The optimized electrochromic films demonstrate a 54.5% optical modulation range at 633 nm, fast switching times (2.8 s for coloration and 1.5 s for bleaching), and a coloration efficiency of 83.2 cm 2 C⁻ 1 . In pursuit of broader optical modulation capabilities, we further innovated by developing a multilayer porous film strategy, enabling precise control over thickness through repeated spin-coating/heating cycles. Remarkably, a three-layer configuration achieved an extraordinary optical modulation of up to 87.2%, ranking among the best performances reported in the electrochromic field. This novel methodology paves the way for expedited manufacturing of porous amorphous metal oxide films and positions the enhanced WO 3 film as a highly promising candidate for advanced electrochromic technologies. Graphical abstract
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Nano Materials
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2025
·
IF 5.5
Haopeng Jing,Kun Li,Shuling Xiang,Ran Jiang,Jumei Zhou,Hongliang Zhang
WO3 with nanocrystal-in-glass (nanocrystal-embedded amorphous matrix) characteristics is recognized as a highly promising electrochromic material. The demand for flexible and large-area electrochromic technologies is pushing the advancement of low-temperature and large-scale processes for WO3 thin films. This study presents a functional ink designed for the low-temperature preparation of WO3 thin films using blade-coating technology, enabling scalable and cost-effective production. The optimized WO3:Ti-PEDOT hybrid electrochromic thin film demonstrates a high light modulation rate of 86.05% (@ 633 nm), a coloration efficiency of 54.1 cm2 C–1, an outstanding cycle stability exceeding 1000 cycles, and an ionic diffusion coefficient of 3.69 × 10–8 cm2 s–1. One reason for the remarkably improved electrochromic performance is the synergistic effect of the nanostructured WO3 glass-nanocrystal composites induced by Ti doping and the enhanced electrochemical reaction kinetics facilitated by the use of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), a conductive polymer, as a binder. This work demonstrates a feasible and cost-effective method for producing WO3-based films for electrochromic smart windows, serving as an alternative to the existing vacuum-based WO3 thin film production methods.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源技术
·
纳米技术
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DOI
高影响因子
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2024
·
IF 5.5
Yu Liu,Longlong Chen,Jiangbin Su,Jinmei Bai,Zuming He
In this study, amorphous WO 3 thin films were deposited on indium-tin oxide substrates using radio frequency magnetron sputtering. Anhydrous ethanol (AE) and propylene carbonate (PC) served as binary solvents, with the WO 3 films evaluated in AE + PC-LiClO 4 electrolytes. By adjusting the volume percentage of AE, the physical properties of the electrolytes were modified to improve the fluidity and wetting behavior. The analysis of several aspects, such as migration of ions, capillary flow of electrolyte and electrochemical reaction rate, highlights the important influence of AE + PC binary solvent in reducing the response time. Notably, WO 3 films in AE + PC-LiClO 4 electrolyte with a 7/8 volume percentage of AE demonstrated exceptional optical modulation (Δ T = 75.7 %) and fast response times ( t c = 6.41 s, t b = 2.29 s), alongside shortened the diffusion path, increased ion diffusion coefficients ( D a =4.4678 × 10 −10 cm 2 /s, D c = 8.2968 × 10 −10 cm 2 /s) and electrochemical active area. Based on these efforts, the feasibility of applying AE + PC binary solvent to WO 3 electrochromic thin films has been confirmed. These results offer valuable insights for the development of efficient electrolytes and their application in electrochromic devices.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
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DOI
高影响因子
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2017
·
IF 4.798
Youxiu Wei,Mu Chen,Weiming Liu,Lei Li,Yue Yan
Electrochromic devices (ECDs) with different liquid electrolytes were fabricated using NiO film as counter electrode, WO 3 film as working electrode. The effect of liquid electrolytes containing different lithium salts (LiClO 4 , LiPF 6 , LiTFSI) on films and ECDs was investigated, such as transmittance change, charge density, memory effect and cyclic stability. Films or ECDs using LiPF 6 electrolyte have excellent electrochromic properties but low cyclic stability, compared with LiClO 4 and LiTFSI electrolytes. In order to deeply understand the effect of electrolyte on films and devices, the voltage distribution of films based on an analog cell and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were measured and analyzed in different lithium salts electrolytes. Results show that voltage distribution and EIS characteristics of films have obvious difference in liquid LiClO 4 , LiPF 6 and LiTFSI electrolytes. Voltage distribution on NiO and WO 3 films is unbalanced and the impedance of films in bleached and colored states is different in the same electrolyte.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
·
2019
·
IF 6.019
Zhiqiang Xie,Qingqing Liu,Qianqian Zhang,Bingxin Lu,Jin Zhai,Xungang Diao
Mesoporous tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ) and nickel oxide (NiO) electrochromic (EC) thin films have been fabricated by sol-gel method with assistant of tri-block copolymer [PEO 132 PEO 50 PEO 132 ] (F108). By controlling weight ratio of F108 and calcination temperatures, uniform and transparent mesoporous films are fabricated. Both WO 3 and NiO films are comprised by nanoparticles with diameters of ca .10 nm, mesopores with pore size of approximately 6 nm are distributed in the films. The thickness of the films are ca . 400 nm. The as-prepared films have ultra-fast switching time during EC redox reactions . Applied with positive and negative voltages of 40 s respectively, the coloration/bleaching time of WO 3 and NiO films are 5.7 s/2.3 s and 0.9 s/3.8 s, which is faster than that of comparative EC films fabricated by sol-gel method without F108 (coloration/bleaching time of WO 3 and NiO films are 17.5 s/14.5 s and 13.6 s/4.9 s) and EC films fabricated by magnetron sputtering method (coloration/bleaching time of WO 3 and NiO films are 29.4 s/21.3 s and 9.6 s/7.5 s). Quasi-solid state electrochromic device assembled with mesoporous WO 3 and NiO thin films has excellent EC performance, such as fast switching speed (3.2/1.1 s for coloration/bleaching time), large optical modulation of about 45% (at 600 nm), high coloration efficiency (130.8 cm 2 /C at the wavelength of 600 nm) and good cycle stability. These excellent properties are derived from mesoporous channels in the films. For the mesoporous channels can shorten the diffusion paths and make it easier for ions to transport in films.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
·
2022
·
IF 7.305
Yuanyang Zhang,Xiaoping Liang,Tao Jiang,Hongying Liu,Yadong Fu,Dequan Zhang,Zhenbo Geng
WO 3 film possesses excellent electrochemical properties and have great potential for application in electrochromic devices. The a-WO 3 /c-WO 3 dual phase laminated film was prepared by stacking amorphous film (a-WO 3 ), made by a novel electrodeposition-assisted sol-gel method, on crystalline WO 3 film (c-WO 3 ) coated on ITO substrate. The effect of the crystal phase and electrodeposition time on the structure and the properties of a-WO 3 /c-WO 3 dual phase laminated film was investigated. The dual phase laminated film exhibited excellent electrochromic performance due to the synergistic effect of a-WO 3 and c-WO 3 , as well as the featured rougher surface of the dual phase laminated film. The thickness of a-WO 3 film gradually increased with the extension of deposition time , and a-WO 3 /c-WO 3 dual phase laminated film with appropriate thickness a-WO 3 film possessed the fastest response time and the highest optical contrast. The optimized a-WO 3 /c-WO 3 dual phase laminated film exhibited excellent electrochromic performance with high optical contrast (70.6% at 633 nm) and high coloring efficiency (53.6 cm 2 C −1 at 633 nm). Under without ion storage layer, the electrochromic device (ECD) with laminated structure dual phase a-WO 3 /c-WO 3 film as the electrochromic layer has been successfully assembled, which shows fascinating performance, providing a useful reference for the facile processing and application of electrochromic WO 3 film in smart windows .
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
·
2023
·
IF 7.2
Xuan Wu,Xingwu Guo,Chenjing Gao,Lewen Nie,Liming Peng,Juan Chen
A method to prepare mesoporous WO 3 thin films (represented by MP-WO 3 ) with a uniform pore size of ∼18 nm is developed successfully by utilizing poly(ethylene oxide)-b-polystyrene (PEO-b-PS) as the structure-directing agent (SDA). The properties of the gasochromic MP-WO 3 thin film are studied in detail and compared with the control groups prepared by using homopolymer PEO , PS, or their mixtures as SDA. Utilizing an optimized thermal treatment procedure, the gasochromic MP-WO 3 thin film of which the transmittance change Δ T is 59.1% exhibites the fastest coloration and bleaching speed with a coloration time of 27.3 s and a bleaching time of 19.7s as well as excellent reversibility within 90 cycles. This study offers a new strategy and insight into the development of mesoporous WO 3 hydrogen gasochromic films with excellent performances and paves its way toward the application of an optical hydrogen sensor.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
传感器技术
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DOI
高影响因子
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