Sara Shamim,Zhenting Wu,Yuling Tang,Jingru Jia,Chunju Liu,Haiou Wang,Fangcheng Zheng,Long Ba
This study investigated the transformations of lemon flavedo tissues during freeze-drying based on high-resolution X-ray micro-computed tomography ( μ- CT) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Contrast-enhanced segmentation, traversal statistic algorithmic analysis, and 3D visualization of lemon peel texture are studied. To avoid pseudo-imaging caused by precipitation of contrast enhancer, low concentration cesium iodide was used to improve X-ray contrast and decrease enlarged inter-cellular region. X-ray μ-CT showed the precipitation of contrast enhancers at the intercellular boundary after freeze-drying. The grayscale thresholding method was presented as the most suitable segmentation method for detecting cell walls due to the high noise level caused by low contrast enhancer concentration in the reconstructed images. The faster water loss at the primary drying stage caused the disintegration of oil glands and induced high porosity of 0.7 % in fresh to 0.84 % in 0.5 h freeze-dried. The results suggest that noise filtering based on voxel statistics provides an efficient approach for the inter and intra-cellular microstructural analysis of excessively watery plant tissues with low contrast enhancer concentration.
Hao Liu,Shunzhe Zhang,Zhaopao Ma,Haochang Chen,Feihong Chen,Kaifeng Wang,Chongyin Zhang,Hua Li
Structural electrolytes with both mechanical and electrochemical properties are of great significance in structural energy storage devices. In this paper, we succeeded to synthesize a novel epoxy resin/hydrogel bicontinuous phase structure electrolyte for the first time by the ingenious design of the hydrophobic curing agent and the substitution of hydrogel for water, and filled the application of bicontinuous electrolyte in aqueous electrochemical energy storage system. The fine structure composition of electrolyte was divided and analyzed in detail by X-ray micro-CT technology. The epoxy resin phase is composed of a reasonable distribution of skeleton structures of various sizes, the largest of which is able to support heavy weights. And a large number of tiny skeletons are distributed to connect the skeletons of different sizes, which improves the three-dimensional interconnection of the epoxy resin phase and makes it excellent mechanical properties (Tensile strength 11.91 Mpa). The large size PVA gel phase constitutes the main pathway for conducting ions. Furthermore, the large-diameter gel phases are coupled in three dimensions with a huge number of micro-diameter gel phases, increasing the number of micro-ion transport channels and decreasing the distance of ion transport with good ionic conductivity (0.15 mS cm −1 ). Using carbon cloth coated in slurry as the electrode, an integrated structural energy storage bearing device was created in situ using layer brush technology, which exhibited exceptional electrochemical performance during in-situ variable load tests. We have successfully solved the construction of aqueous bicontinuous phase structure electrolyte, which made the application of various water chemistry systems in structural energy storage possible.
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