JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
·
2025
·
IF 3.2
Yunqi Xing,Xu Guo,Fanrong Kong,Kaulya Pathiraja,Yuhuai Wang,Jin Li
To investigate how the presence of interface state impacts the DC breakdown at the interface at the terminations of a submarine DC cable, the cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) and ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) double-layer samples with two different interface states of direct contact and coating normal silicone oil were prepared. Various temperatures and pressures were controlled to simulate the actual operating environment. The effects of pressure and temperature on the DC Interfacial breakdown characteristics were analysed. The characteristics of interface charge accumulation and dissipation were studied with different polar voltages stressing. The effects of silicone oil on the interface charge characteristics were discussed by vertical preloading and interface breakdown tests. Results show that the breakdown voltage of the interface coated with silicone oil is much higher than that of the interface without silicone oil. After coating silicone oil, the trap energy level and trap density of the interface decrease, the interface accumulated charge density decreases, and the interface residual charge decays faster. In addition, when the polarity of the residual charge at the interface aligns with that of the needle electrode in terms of consistency, the interface breakdown voltage increases, and vice versa. This paper provides a theoretical basis and innovative insights for the subsequent selection and improvement of silicone fluids to enhance interfacial breakdown performance.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电气工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
High Voltage
·
2023
·
IF 4.4
Xu Yang,Hong Zhao,Chengcheng Zhang,Chunyang Li,Xindong Zhao,Jiaming Yang,Xuan Wang
To enhance the DC electrical performance of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), the graftable antioxidant methacrylic acid 2-hydroxy-3-(4-anilinoanilino) propyl ester (GA), which contains carbonyl and amino groups, and the crosslinking coagent trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA), which contains carbonyl groups, are individually or co-grafted onto XLPE. The slightly higher deep trap density introduced by higher grafting concentration of TMPTMA results in more significant suppression effect of conductance current and enhanced breakdown strength at a lower temperature, while the suppression effect for the conductance current at 90°C becomes weakened due to limited trap energy. Meanwhile, the deeper energy level introduced by GA suppresses the conductance current and improves the electrical strength of XLPE at 90°C more significantly. By co-grafting, the conductance current of XLPE in a wide range temperature can be significantly reduced, especially for the temperature dependence of conductance current, which is beneficial to suppress the field strength reversal. The results of thermally stimulated current and molecular simulation show that the polar groups of two monomers introduce deep charge traps in XLPE. The co-grafting system ensures the rationality of the crosslinking reaction kinetics and does not affect the cable manufacturing.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电气工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2024
·
IF 6.3
Chunyang Li,Duo Ji,Yuxin Wan,Xu Yang,Manzhi Shao,Hong Zhao,Jiansheng Sun
Surface discharge on the EPDM/XLPE interface is threatening the safe operation of power cable system and limiting the further improvement of its voltage level. To improve the electrical strength of EPDM/XLPE interface, the surface of EPDM was modified by grafting of voltage stabilizer 4-allyloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone (AOHBP) based on liquid-phase impregnation and subsequent free radical grafting reaction thermally initiated by DCP. EPDM samples were modified by mixed reagents of DCP and AOHBP with different mass ratios of 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4, respectively. The SEM observation and XRD analysis results indicate that the crystals of AOHBP with a uniform distribution are covered on the surface of EPDM during the sample preparation process and then dissolved after extraction by acetone. The FTIR and ATR results show that the AOHBP molecules are successfully grafted onto the surface of EPDM samples, but there remain a lot of ungrafted reagent molecules on the surface of EPDM before solvent extraction. The grafting rate of AOHBP increases with the proportion of DCP in the mixed reagents. As for the unextracted modified EPDM samples, both the AC and DC breakdown voltage of the EPDM/XLPE interface are increased compared with pure EPDM, and further increased after the ungrafted molecules are extracted because the effect of voltage stabilizer on scavenging high-energy electrons is more efficiently utilized at a smoother interface. The interface breakdown voltage of the sample modified with 1:2 mass ratio of DCP/AOHBP mixed solution is the highest because of its highest grafting rate of voltage stabilizer. This work has proposed a new technical path to improve the electrical aging resistance of polymer insulating surface.
研究领域:
高分子材料科学
·
电气工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Materials
·
2020
·Vol. 13
·期 6
·1333
·
IF 3.057
Xiangjin Guo,Zhaoliang Xing,Shiyi Zhao,Yingchao Cui,Guochang Li,Yanhui Wei,Qingquan Lei,Chuncheng Hao
This paper describes the effects of α-Al2O3nanosheets on the direct current voltage breakdown strength and space charge accumulation in crosslinked polyethylene/α-Al2O3nanocomposites. The α-Al2O3nanosheets with a uniform size and high aspect ratio were synthesized, surface-modified, and characterized. The α-Al2O3nanosheets were uniformly distributed into a crosslinked polyethylene matrix by mechanical blending and hot-press crosslinking. Direct current breakdown testing, electrical conductivity tests, and measurements of space charge indicated that the addition of α-Al2O3nanosheets introduced a large number of deep traps, blocked the charge injection, and decreased the charge carrier mobility, thereby significantly reducing the conductivity (from 3.25 × 10−13S/m to 1.04 × 10−13S/m), improving the direct current breakdown strength (from 220 to 320 kV/mm) and suppressing the space charge accumulation in the crosslinked polyethylene matrix. Besides, the results of direct current breakdown testing and electrical conductivity tests also showed that the surface modification of α-Al2O3nanosheets effectively improved the direct current breakdown strength and reduced the conductivity of crosslinked polyethylene/α-Al2O3nanocomposites.Keywords:XLPE/α-Al2O3nanocomposites;electrical properties;breakdown strength;electrical conductivity;space charge;pulsed electro-acoustic method
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电气工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 2.7
Muneeb Ahmed,Lisheng Zhong,Fei Li,Rui Sui,Ming Wu,Jinghui Gao
This research investigates the transition from a micropinned to a polymeric alloy structure in crosslinked-polyethylene-polystyrene (XLPE-PS). Incorporating 2 wt% 10 μm PS particles into low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and crosslinking with 2 wt% dicumyl peroxide (DCP) forms XLPE-PS structures. The polymeric alloy structure, formed at 220°C extrusion, contrasts with the micropinned formed at 150°C. Morphological, thermo-structural, chemical, and crystal properties are examined to understand their impact on electrical properties and charge transport mechanisms. Results indicate that the polymeric alloy effectively resolves void/crack issues, whereas the micropinned exhibits phase separation. Both structures exhibit a benzene-crosslinked network, and variations in these structures lead to significant changes in thermo-structural, chemical, and crystalline properties. The polymeric alloy XLPE-PS shifts the polyethylene (PE) hkl crystal planes, confirming phase shift and optimal alloying. The structural alterations reveal deeper traps and higher densities in the polymeric alloy XLPE-PS, leading to significantly improved electrical properties, including reduced DC conductivity by up to 1.3 and 0.7 decades at 30 and 90°C, and increased DC breakdown strength by up to 40.34% and 16.17% at 30 and 90°C, respectively, compared with micropinned XLPE-PS. This research offers insights into stable high-voltage insulation development.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电气工程
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 2.8
Bo Zhu,Wenliang Xu,Hao Sun,Bo Yang
Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation materials produce water tree aging under the combined action of moisture and electric field for a long time, resulting in a decline in insulation performance and a serious threat to the safety of power system operation. In view of the above problems, a three-layer shell–core microcapsule with siloxane as a repair agent was designed in this article, and it was distributed in the XLPE matrix material in a gradient manner to realize the self-healing of the material to water tree aging. The results showed that the microcapsules had good morphology. When the doping concentration of the microcapsules is low (1.0 wt%), it can also have an excellent water tree aging repair effect on the basis of ensuring the original insulation performance of XLPE. The repair effect of microcapsules/XLPE composites with gradient distribution is better than that of microcapsules/XLPE composites with uniform distribution, which solves the problem of low repair efficiency of uniform distribution and has a good research prospect in practical application.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
聚合物复合材料
·
电气绝缘
·
自修复材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION
·
2022
·Vol. 29
·期 5
·1857-1864
·
IF 2.509
Wei Deng,Yuanyuan Ren,Kexin Qu,Hong Zhao
Voltage stabilizers have the potential to improve the overall insulation properties of polymeric cables, but the poor compatibility with the polymer matrix limits their practical application. In this work, the reaction of 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (DHBP) with maleic anhydride (MAH) provides a novel and reactive aromatic ketone voltage stabilizer 4-(4-benzoyl-3-hydroxyphenoxy)-4-oxobut- 2-enoic acid denoted by MDVS, which can be grafted onto the backbone of polyethylene (PE) during the cross-linking process. The physicochemical and dc insulation properties of the cross-linked PE grafted with different addition of MDVS (XLPE-g-MDVS) are investigated, and the underlying mechanism is discussed. In comparison with the pristine XLPE, substantially suppressed space charge accumulation and decreased electrical conductivity are obtained in the XLPE-g-MDVS materials. As the content of MDVS is 1.2 wt%, XLPE-g-MDVS materials exhibit higher breakdown strength than that of the pristine XLPE. Furthermore, the graftable voltage stabilizer MDVS presents more efficient stabilizing effect than conventional voltage stabilizer DHBP before and after high-temperature degassing. Thermally stimulated current (TSC) tests and quantum chemical calculations are consistent with the experimental results of insulation properties, illustrating that capture and trap mechanisms cooperate in the improvement of XLPE dc insulation performance.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电气工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH
·
2022
·Vol. 29
·期 11
·1-11
·
IF 3.061
Li Mingyue,Chen Yidong,Xu Qingwen,Chen Yilin,Ren Xiancheng,Zhou Kai
Underground power cables are prone to electrical tree aging and additives loss due to the harsh working environment. In this work, the thermal aged cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cables were restored by injecting a newly synthesized voltage stabilizer containing hydrolyzable siloxane groups. The voltage stabilizer functionalized siloxane groups greatly enhanced the electrical tree initiation voltage, significantly reduced the direct current (DC) conductivity and dielectric loss factor. The results of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) indicated that the voltage stabilizer molecules were distributed in the electrical tree channels of the restored cables. After secondary thermal aging at 150 °C for 360 h, the characteristic electrical tree initiation voltage of the restored cable reached 12.10 kV, which was 66.90% higher than that of the unrestored cable. This indicated that the migration of voltage stabilizers could be inhibited by introducing hydrolyzable groups. This investigation provided a new approach to improve the migration resistance of the voltage stabilizer and the inhibitory effect of the rejuvenation liquid on the electrical tree.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电气工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER TESTING
·
2025
·
IF 6
Ke Li,Lu-Ming Zhou,Yun-Xiao Zhang,Yuan-Xiang Zhou
Electrical treeing is a primary degradation pathway in cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cable insulation, making enhancement of the tree-initiation voltage (TIV) critical for reliable high-voltage operation. We report a peroxide-assisted grafting strategy that covalently incorporates 2-vinylanthraquinone (VAQ) into XLPE during standard crosslinking, thereby addressing the migration and durability limitations of physically blended stabilizers. The grafted VAQ introduces deep electronic traps and mitigates defect-driven degradation, increasing the characteristic TIV by more than 160 % and markedly suppressing tree growth under AC voltage. This migration-resistant, trap-engineered stabilization provides a practical route to improve long-term insulation reliability and is directly relevant to the design of ultra-high-voltage polymeric cables.
研究领域:
高分子材料科学
·
电气工程
·
绝缘技术
·
功能材料
·
电力系统可靠性
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 3.6
Bo Zhu,Wenliang Xu,Yu Feng,Hao Zhou
Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cables are widely used in modern power systems due to their superior electrical insulation performance and mechanical strength. However, electrical and water tree aging damages tend to occur in their insulation layers, which seriously endanger the safe and stable operation of power grids. In addition, existing cable self-healing systems have insufficient multiple self-healing performance. In this paper, reversible disulfide bonds are combined with microcapsules to prepare electrical-water dual-responsive multiple self-healing microcapsules, and the corresponding XLPE composites are further obtained. The results show that the microcapsules are successfully fabricated. The composite with 1.0 wt% microcapsule doping content exhibits optimal comprehensive insulation properties. PDC tests verify its excellent primary and multiple self-healing capabilities. Breakdown field strength tests before and after aging further confirm its favorable self-healing performance. After one electrical tree aging, the breakdown field strength of the composite recovers to 92.6% of the original value, and it still reaches 84.5% after three electrical tree aging cycles. After water tree aging, the breakdown field strength recovers to 91.5%. This microcapsule multiple self-healing system provides a new technical approach for extending the insulation life of XLPE cables. Highlights Microcapsules are employed to self-heal tree aging damage in XLPE insulation. This system simultaneously self-heals electrical and water tree aging damage. This system repeatedly self-heals electrical tree aging damage.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH
·
2026
·Vol. 33
·期 2
·57
·
IF 3.5
Yang Ruixiong,Zhao Dong,Chen Xuesong,Wang Jian,Chen Yong,Zhao Xianlong,Yu Hongli,Feng Yu,Zhao Jing
Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) is commonly used as an insulation material for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) cables due to its excellent dielectric strength, low dielectric loss, superior insulating properties, as well as its good thermal stability and mechanical performance. This study introduces benzophenone-based voltage stabilizers—3,3’,4,4’-Benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), 4,4’-Diaminobenzophenone (DABP), and 2-hydroxy-4-prop-2-enyloxybenzophenone (ALOH)—which are incorporated into XLPE to enhance its electrical performance. Experimental results show that XLPE incorporated with DABP exhibited the most significant improvement, achieving a 16.5% increase in DC breakdown strength at 30 ℃ and nearly one order of magnitude reduction in conductivity at 70 ℃ and 40 kV·mm − 1 compared with pure XLPE. Space charge accumulation was also effectively suppressed. These stabilizers mitigate space charge accumulation, enhance conductivity, and maintain stable breakdown strength, especially under elevated temperature conditions, thereby improving the decline in electrical performance of conventional materials in high-temperature environments. Density functional theory (DFT) analysis suggested that the synergistic interaction between electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) and electron-donating groups (EDGs) in DABP facilitates balanced charge trapping and transport. These results demonstrate that DABP is a promising molecular stabilizer for improving the dielectric reliability of XLPE insulation in HVDC applications.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Materials
·
2022
·Vol. 15
·期 17
·5857
·
IF 3.748
Muneeb Ahmed,Lisheng Zhong,Fei Li,Nuo Xu,Jinghui Gao
In this research, crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) is developed with selective content of dicumyl peroxide (DCP), and the influence of microstructural properties and chemical composition on the mechanical and direct current (DC) dielectric properties are investigated. The measurements for the microstructural analysis are taken by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), gel content test and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The mechanical properties of XLPE are evaluated by hot-set test. The results of microstructural and chemical composition show that the increase in DCP content increases the crosslinking degree from 74.3% to 81.6%, reduces the crystallinity/lamella thickness from 36.8% to 35.5%/7.6–7.1 nm, reduces the average molecular weight between two crosslinks by 0.01 kg/mol and reduces the oxidation level/carbonyl index. The increase in DCP in XLPE samples decreases the permanent elongation from 2.2% to 0% and elongation rate from 300% to 80% of the cable insulation. The rise in DCP content increases the crosslinking degree due to which the DC resistivity and activation energy is increased. The DC breakdown strength at 30–90 °C is increased due to the increase in crosslinking degree and reduction in carbonyl index/oxidation level. The space charge accumulation is measured at 30 °C under 20–60 kV/mm, resulting in less homo-charges and hetero-charges with the increase in DCP. It is proven that the role of appropriate DCP content is vital in increasing the DC dielectric performance, internal material characteristics and mechanical performance of XLPE.Keywords:crosslinked polyethylene;dicumyl peroxide;crosslinking degree;HVDC;resistivity;breakdown strength;space charge
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电气工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）