Facile synthesis conditions, abundant hierarchical porosity, and high space–time yields (STYs) are prerequisites for the commercial application of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs). However, these prerequisites are rarely achieved simultaneously. Herein, a green and versatile strategy to rapidly synthesize hierarchically porous ZIFs (HP-ZIFs) was developed using an alkali as a deprotonating agent. The synthesis conditions were room temperature and ambient pressure in an aqueous solution, and the synthesis time could be reduced to 1 min. The produced HP-ZIFs had hierarchically porous structures with mesopores and macropores interconnected with micropores. The STY for HP-ZIFs was up to 9670 kg m−3 d−1, at least 712 times the previously reported values. In addition, the porosity and morphology of the produced HP-ZIFs could be fine-tuned by controlling the synthesis parameters (e.g., reaction time, molar ratios, metal source, and alkali source). Compared with conventional ZIFs, the adsorption performance of the as-synthesized HP-ZIFs for p-xylene and n-hexane was significantly improved. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) was utilized to study the pore properties, and the adsorption behavior of HP-ZIFs on guest molecules was investigated using density functional theory (DFT) simulations. This strategy shows significant promise for the large-scale industrial production of desirable HP-ZIFs for adsorption applications.
Kasugamycin (KSM) is easily affected by photolysis, acid–base destruction, and oxidative decomposition in the natural environment, leading to its poor durability and low effective utilization rate, which affects its control effect on plant bacterial diseases. Nanomaterials modified with environment-responsive agents enable the control of the release of pesticides through intelligently responding to external stimuli, thereby improving efficacy and reducing environmental impact. In this study, a pH-responsive controlled release system was constructed using zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-93) for the sustained and targeted delivery of KSM. The synthesized KSM@ZIF-93 exhibited a diameter of 63.93 ± 11.19 nm with a drug loading capacity of 20.0%. Under acidic conditions mimicking bacterial infection sites, the Schiff base bonds and coordination bonds in ZIF-93 dissociated, triggering the simultaneous release of KSM and Zn2+, achieving a synergistic antibacterial effect. Light stability experiments revealed a 34.81% reduction in UV-induced degradation of KSM when encapsulated in ZIF-93. In vitro antimicrobial assays demonstrated that KSM@ZIF-93 completely inhibitedErwinia amylovoraat 200 mg/L and had better antibacterial activity and persistence than KSM and ZIF-93. The field experiment and safety evaluation showed that the control effect of KSM@ZIF-93 on pear fire blight at the concentration of 200 mg/L was (75.19 ± 3.63)% and had no toxic effect on pollen germination. This pH-responsive system not only enhances the stability and bioavailability of KSM but also provides a targeted and environmentally compatible strategy for managing bacterial infections during the flowering period of pear trees.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）