Zn 2 GeO 4 ceramic materials were synthesized by the solid-state method. Zn 2 GeO 4 powders were investigated with X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Oxygen defects in the Zn 2 GeO 4 ceramics were investigated by photoluminescence, Raman, and EDS spectra. Conductivity of Zn 2 GeO 4 was 0.18 S/cm at low temperature of 773 K, and its activation energy was 0.49 eV. The results showed that Zn 2 GeO 4 was a promising low-temperature electrolyte with high conductivity.
A series of Zn 2- x Cu x GeO 4 ceramics were prepared by the solid-phase sintering method. Cu 2+ substitution for Zn 2+ facilitated the single-phase formation and benefited densification via lowering the sintering temperatures , hence thereby the microwave dielectric properties were largely improved. A representative composition with x = 0.08 revealed a homogenous Zn 2 GeO 4 phase with good microwave dielectric properties: ε r ∼ 7.47, Q × f ∼ 56,980 GHz, and τ f ∼ −13.9 ppm/°C when sintered at 1000 °C. To evaluate the potential application of low-temperature cofired ceramics (LTCC), sintering aids (B 2 O 3 ) were added to the x = 0.08 sample to reduce its sintering temperature to below 960 °C. A dramatic improvement in Q × f ∼ 107,415 GHz was observed with only 0.5 wt % B 2 O 3 addition. Chemical compatibility was confirmed via cofiring with silver electrodes at 940 °C. All the merits show promising potential for advanced substrates.
Zn 2 GeO 4 ceramic materials were synthesized by solid-state method. Zn 2 GeO 4 powders were investigated with X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, Raman spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS), and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). A dense microstructure of Zn 2 GeO 4 ceramics developed when specimens were sintered at above 1150 °C. The Zn 2 GeO 4 ceramics sintered at 1300 °C exhibited good microwave dielectric properties: a dielectric constant ( ε r ) of 6.87, a quality factor ( Q × f ) of 102,700 GHz and a temperature coefficient of resonant frequency ( τ f ) of −32.4 ppm/°C. The results showed that Zn 2 GeO 4 ceramics were promising millimeter-wave ceramic candidate materials.
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