3D (Three-dimensional) hollow porous structured materials received a lot of attention due to their significant benefits in photocatalytic reactions. In this study, 3D ZnIn 2 S 4 -In 2 S 3 hollow hierarchical porous nanotubes were synthesized by a one-step MOF (metal–organic framework) templating strategy as efficient catalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution in water. The dynamic process between the internal collapse of In-MIL-68 and the growth of ZnIn 2 S 4 crystals with attached outer edges led to the one-step in situ preparation of hollow ZnIn 2 S 4 -In 2 S 3 heterojunction catalysts. Crucially, In-MIL-68 simultaneously induced the formation of In 2 S 3 hollow porous nanotubes and the construction of ZnIn 2 S 4 -In 2 S 3 hierarchical heterojunction with ultrathin nanosheets. The optimal photocatalytic efficiency was obtained by adjusting the relative composition of the two-component heterojunction, and the optimized ZnIn 2 S 4 -In 2 S 3 -10 showed hydrogen evolution efficiency of 5.01 mmol·h −1 ·g −1 under visible light irradiation in the absence of co-catalysts and a high AQY (the apparent quantum yield) of 16.23 % at 420 nm, which was noticeably higher than the photocatalytic efficiency of the one-component and two-step synthesized In 2 S 3 -ZnIn 2 S 4 . Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrated that the construction of heterojunction and the forming of hollow porous nanotubes enhanced visible light absorption and promoted the separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers, thereby increasing the photocatalytic activity of the prepared materials. Meanwhile, ZnIn 2 S 4 -In 2 S 3 hierarchical hollow nanotubes exhibited good stability and reusability, offering a new way to fabricate MOF-based hollow hierarchical photocatalysts.
Preeclampsia constitutes a critical and severe complication of gestational hypertension in pregnant women. At present, there exists no effective treatment for preeclampsia, although placental growth factor (PlGF) has been identified as the most reliable predictive biomarker. Consequently, the accurate quantification of PlGF levels in the blood of pregnant women affected by preeclampsia is imperative. In this study, a microfluidic photoelectrochemical immunosensor based on ZnIn 2 S 4 /In 2 S 3 heterojunction photosensitive material was developed on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) and integrated with microfluidic channels. This innovative platform enables the detection of PlGF, an eclampsia marker, in pregnant women. Following activation with chitosan (CTS) and glutaraldehyde (GA), the immobilized monoclonal antibody specific to PlGF forms a covalent bond with its corresponding antigen, and the interaction is detected through changes in photocurrent. The experimental results indicate that the proposed sensor exhibits a wide detection range of 0.1 pg mL⁻¹ to 1 µg mL⁻¹ for PlGF, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0879 pg mL⁻¹ (S/N = 3). Additionally, the sensor demonstrates excellent specificity, stability, reproducibility, low sample consumption, and robust detection performance for clinical specimens. Therefore, this sensor holds significant promise as an auxiliary diagnostic tool for early screening of eclampsia-related conditions in pregnant women.
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