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Growth of Zr/N-codoped TiO2 nanorod arrays for enhanced photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells

Zhenlong Zhang,Junfeng Li,Xiaoli Wang,Jianqing Qin,Wenjia Shi,Yuefeng Liu,Huiping Gao,Yanli Mao

In this paper, Zr and N co-doped TiO2 (Zr/N–TiO2) nanorod arrays were synthesized using a hydrothermal method and perovskite solar cells were fabricated using them as an electron transfer layer. The solar cells based on Zr/N–TiO2 presented an enhanced performance compared with those based on un-doped TiO2. The solar cell performance was optimized by changing the Zr doping content. The efficiency of solar cells based on Zr/N–TiO2 with a Zr doping content of 1% (Zr/Ti, atomic ratio) has been achieved at 12.6%, which was 31.6% higher than that of solar cells based on un-doped TiO2. To get an insight into the enhancement, some investigations were carried out. The results indicate that the larger open voltage (Voc) could be due to the larger conduction band offset resulting from the smaller energy band gap for Zr/N–TiO2, and the enlarged short current (Isc) could be attributed to the faster electron transfer and reduced recombination rate for Zr/N–TiO2 NRs. These induce the enhancement of solar cell efficiency.