Shuhan Wu,Wenjun Shu,Xulong Zhu,Yong Mei Chen,Zhenxiu Liu,Yue Wang,Hengtao Song,Dong Xiao,Chao Zhai,Nan Jiang,Jianhui Li
b-FGF and an autologous adipose tissue suspension were incorporated into the self-healing injectable hydrogel through a Schiff base reaction to crosslink carbohydrazide-modified gelatin (Gel-CDH) and oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHA). • The b-FGF@OHA/Gel-CDH hydrogel demonstrated advantageous mechanical properties, injectability, self-healing ability, microstructural integrity, and biocompatibility. • The bioactive hydrogel with slow release of b-FGF promotes adipogenesis in vitro and in vivo . Soft tissue defects require the application of adipose tissue reconstruction techniques; however, these approaches often face challenges such as low survival rates due to mechanical pressure and inadequate blood supply. This study presents the development of an injectable, self-healing polysaccharide hydrogel designed for the slow release of basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) that utilizes oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHA) and carbohydrazide-modified gelatin (Gel-CDH) as foundational components. The hydrogel is characterized by an optimal pore size, porosity, mechanical properties, and degradation behavior, in addition to excellent biocompatibility, all of which facilitate adipose tissue growth. In vitro experiments revealed that the OHA/Gel-CDH polysaccharide hydrogel significantly enhanced the adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells. Furthermore, the implantation of the polysaccharide hydrogel in conjunction with an autologous fat graft suspension into the subcutaneous of the rat dorsal region resulted in improved adipose tissue survival and the regeneration of vascularized adipose tissue. These results suggest that the use of an injectable, self-healing OHA/Gel-CDH polysaccharide hydrogel with slow-released b-FGF in combination with autologous fat grafting is a promising strategy for the repair of soft tissue defects.
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a common disorder that may be idiopathic, caused by trauma, or associated with alcohol or glucocorticoid use. The goals of early treatment include delaying or avoiding hip replacement, but there are no effective treatments for early-stage disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of treatment with 3D-printed porous titanium alloy scaffold combined with daily intraperitoneal trans-cinnamaldehyde (TCA) in a dog model of ONFH. Four weeks after creation of the ONFH model, MRI examination of the femoral head showed the characteristic “double line sign” of ONFH, verifying the validity of our model. After another 12 weeks, femoral head specimens were harvested and examined by gross inspection; micro-computed tomography; histologic staining (hematoxylin and eosin; Masson); immunohistochemical analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Gross inspection of the femoral head in untreated ONFH animals at 16 weeks after model creation showed pale, exfoliating articular cartilage and disordered trabecular bone. Treatment with 3D-printed titanium alloy porous scaffold combined with TCA ameliorated the pathologic ONFH changes and significantly reduced inmature bone tissue as well as imature collagen in the femoral head, as shown by Masson staining. This treatment also increased VEGF, BMP2, β-catenin, b-FGF, and RUNX2 expression and decreased PPARγ expression, compared with untreated ONFH. In conclusion, 3D-printed titanium alloy porous scaffold combined with TCA can effectively improve ONFH, which may be related to local repair. This provides the theoretical basis for a new treatment strategy for ONFH.
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