Jing Sun,Zaixu Wang,Yongjin Dai,Moran Zhang,Xinyi Pang,Xiangfei Li,Yingjian Lu
Molds and mycotoxins pose severe threats to health. Bacillomycin D (BD) can effectively inhibit mold growth. Attapulgite (ATP) can provide a good carrier for antimicrobial agents. Natural ATP was acid-modified to obtain H-ATP. It was used to load BD to obtain a novel composite material (H-ATP-BD). The results showed H-ATP had better adsorption performance than ATP. BD was adsorbed up to 93.13 % by adding 30 mg H-ATP and stirring at 40 ℃ for 120 min. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), size and zeta potential, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results confirmed successful loading of BD onto H-ATP. The composite showed good inhibition of Aspergillus and adding 0.6 % H-ATP-BD composite was effective in removing 89.06 % of aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) at 50 °C. Model fitting indicated that AFB 1 removal was a spontaneous exothermic reaction. This research will lay the foundation for the development of efficient and green antimicrobial and toxin-reducing materials.
Lin Fuxing,Yang Jie,Muhammad Umair,Sun Jing,Huang Zhenghua,Li Wei,Lv Fengxia,Lu Zhaoxin
Bacillomycin D can inhibit the growth of Aspergillus ochraceus in food samples. In addition, it can induce apoptosis in and inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells, although the details of this mechanism are unknown. In this study, we separated bacillomycin D-C14, D-C15, D-C16
monomers from the Bacillus subtilis strain fmbJ. The bacillomycin D monomers containing longer fatty acid chains better induced apoptosis in Bgc-823, Sgc-7901, and Hgc-27 gastric cancer cells. The Bgc-823 cell line was the most sensitive. Acridine orange-ethidium bromide staining indicated
that bacillomycin D-C16-induced Bgc-823 cell death by triggering apoptosis, characterized by membrane blebbing, cellular shrinkage, and DNA fragmentation. Flow cytometric analysis showed a bacillomycin D-C16 dose-dependent trigger of Bgc-823 apoptosis. Bacillomycin D-C16-induced the mitochondrial
pathway, as indicated by a reduced Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio, enhanced cytochrome C release, and higher levels of cleaved caspase-3. Furthermore, bacillomycin D-C16 effectively repressed phosphorylation of the serine–threonine protein kinase Akt at Ser-473 and increased the levels of
the FoxO3a protein. The combination of the PI3K/Akt-inhibitor BEZ235 with bacillomycin D-C16 enhanced the apoptosis of Bgc-823 cells. Together, these findings indicated that bacillomycin D-C16 induces apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt and FoxO3a signaling pathways.
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