Agronomy-Basel
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2024
·Vol. 15
·期 1
·79
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IF 3.3
Donglan Luo,Xiaogang Wang,Tingting Mi,Jianye Chen,Liangjie Ba,Sen Cao
The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of carvacrol on the postharvest storage quality and cell wall metabolism of the ’Guichang’ kiwifruit. For this purpose, the ’Guichang’ kiwifruit is selected as the test material and treated with 0.03 mg/mL of a carvacrol solution for dipping. The storage quality and cell wall metabolism of the fruit are then evaluated under ambient conditions (20 ± 1 °C). The results indicate that treatment with carvacrol effectively reduces the postharvest respiration rate and weight loss in the kiwifruit, while preserving the levels of vitamin C (VC), soluble protein, total phenols, flavonoids, soluble solids, solid–acid ratio, and soluble pectin. Additionally, it delays the decline in the starch content and mitigates the increase in soluble sugars. Furthermore, carvacrol significantly decreases amylase activity and inhibits the elevation of polygalacturonase (PG), pectin methylesterase (PME),β-galactosidase (β-Gal), and cellulase (Cx) activity. Consequently, this treatment effectively maintains fruit firmness as well as protopectin (PP) and cellulose content at elevated levels. A correlation analysis shows that firmness is highly and negatively correlated with the cell wall degrading enzymes PG, PME, β-Gal, Cx, and α-L-Af, with R values of −0.88, −0.83, −0.98, −0.94, and −0.93, respectively. The negative correlation values for the control group are all lower than 0. In conclusion, treatment with carvacrol effectively preserves a high level of postharvest ripening quality in the kiwifruit, attenuates the metabolic processes of the cell wall, and delays fruit softening and senescence.
研究领域:
植物生理学
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食品科学
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DOI
高影响因子
Polymers
·
2025
·Vol. 17
·期 5
·574
·
IF 4.9
Lin Fu,Hengxin Ren,Chaoxing Wang,Yaxin Zhao,Bohang Zou,Xiangyu Zhang
Polymer-based drug-controlled release systems offer greater efficacy and potency than conventional therapies. However, prominent drug side effects, lower circulation, and low drug loading capabilities limit their application range. In this work, the combination of Simvastatin (SIV) and Carvacrol (CAV) into PEG-PLGA microspheres (SIV-CAV-PP-MS) was achieved via an emulsification-solvent evaporation technique, resulting in microspheres characterized by high encapsulation efficiency and reduced particle size. In vitro studies demonstrated that the cumulative drug release increased with higher SIV and CAV levels in the release medium, reaching 88.91% and 89.35% at 25 days. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that the concentrations of SIV and CAV reached their maximum levels at approximately seven days in the SIV-CAV-PP-MS group, which indicates that using PEG-PLGA as a carrier significantly delays drug release. In vivo, evaluation demonstrated that the SIV-CAV-PP-MS high-dose group and positive drug control group showed reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels by 0.39-fold and 0.36-fold compared to the Hyperlipidemia model group, and the addition of CAV significantly enhanced the lipid-lowering effects of SIV. Histological examinations indicated that the SIV-CAV-PP-MS medium-dose group displayed histological features more closely resembling those of normal mice compared to the Simvastatin control group, with a well-organized hepatocyte structure, a significant reduction in lipids, and improved liver health. The prepared polymeric microsphere utilizing SIV and SAV will be a promising dosage form for hyperlipidemia disease patients, with superior lipid-lowering efficacy and improved patient compliance.
研究领域:
药学
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生物医学工程
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2021
·
IF 7.514
Yuanpeng Hao,Jiamu Kang,Rui Yang,Hui Li,Hongxia Cui,Hongtong Bai,Andrey Tsitsilin,Jingyi Li,Lei Shi
Numerous species of Origanum (Lamiaceae) have been widely used as spices to extend the shelf life of foods. Essential oils extracted from this genus have attracted much attention owing to their potential applications as bactericides. Here, we evaluated the chemical compositions of eight oregano essential oils (OEOs) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and assessed their antibacterial activities. The chemical compositions of OEOs were affected by the cultivar factor, and seven common compounds, including carvacrol, were identified among eight OEOs. Partial least squares discriminant analysis enabled the distinction of three groups among these OEOs, as characterized by the proportions of carvacrol, thymol , and sesquiterpenes. OEOs effectively inhibited Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with varying antibacterial activities. Spearman correlation network highlighted core antibacterial contributors in the chemical profiles of OEOs. Our results revealed that the bacteriostatic effects of OEOs could be explained by core compounds and their synergistic effects.
研究领域:
植物学
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微生物学
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食品科学
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PubMed
高影响因子
Parasites & Vectors
·
2021
·Vol. 14
·期 1
·1-6
·
IF 3.876
Li Meilin,Liu Shunlong,Yin Zhijuan,Bernigaud Charlotte,Guillot Jacques,Fang Fang
Background The limited ovicidal activity of currently available acaricides is a significant obstacle to efficacious scabies treatment. Several essential oils or their respective components have proved to be active against the eggs of arthropods, mainly lice and ticks. Information on the activity of these oils and/or components against the eggs of mites remains very limited. The aim of this study was to assess the activity of six terpenes (carvacrol, eugenol, geraniol, citral, terpinen-4-ol and linalool) commonly found in essential oils against the eggs of Sarcoptes scabiei . Methods Sarcoptes eggs were exposed to paraffin oil containing 1, 2.5, or 5% of each terpene tested. After a 12-h exposure period, the eggs were washed and placed in paraffin oil for hatching. Embryonic development following treatment was assessed every day to determine the stage of developmental arrest. Results The median effective concentration to obtain 50% egg mortality (EC 50 ) was 0.5, 0.9, 2.0, 4.8, 5.1 and 9.8% for carvacrol, eugenol, geraniol, citral, terpinen-4-ol and linalool, respectively. The microscopic images of eggs after each treatment indicated that these six terpenes may act by penetrating through the aeropyles on the egg surface. Conclusions In conclusion, carvacrol, eugenol and geraniol possess significant ovicidal activities, which should be considered as promising ovicidal agents for the treatment of scabies. Graphical Abstract
研究领域:
寄生虫学
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皮肤病学
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药理学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Food Chemistry-X
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2026
·
IF 9.2
Rui Liu,Yu Cheng,Yuanwei Peng,Xuelin Fan,Songzhi Xie,Baohua Liu,Rui Qi,Li Yang,Chun Zhang,Hesheng Xia,Jian Wang
PANAM loaded with ZIF-8 and CV was successfully synthesized. • PANAM@ZIF-8@CV were mixed with crosslinked PVA to prepare the composite pad. • The triple synergistic effect realized long-term sustained release of CV. • PANAM@ZIF-8@CV/PVA presented excellent antioxidant and antibacterial properties. • The PANAM@ZIF-8@CV/PVA composite can realize the long-term blueberry preservation. To achieve long-term sustained release of active antibacterial substances and prolong food shelf life, polyacrylonitrile microspheres (PANAM) loaded with ZIF-8 and carvacrol (CV) were fabricated and then blended with crosslinked PVA matrix to prepare a composite pad (PANAM@ZIF-8@CV/PVA). SEM, XPS and XRD results showed ZIF-8 and CV were successfully immobilized in PANAM's porous structure, which effectively enriched active sites and realized efficient anchoring of CV. The triple synergy of ZIF-8, PANAM and polymer matrix enables long-term CV release. Compared with other PVA composite pads containing the same CV content, PANAM@ZIF-8@CV/PVA presented a superior long-term slow-release effect and thus exhibited excellent antioxidant and long-lasting antibacterial properties after 30 days of storage. During 15-day blueberry storage, this composite pad reduced respiratory intensity and weight loss while preserving firmness and nutrients. Thus, blueberries retained intact morphology and fresh taste, demonstrating great potential of PANAM@ZIF-8@CV/PVA in long-term blueberry preservation. Download: Download high-res image (201KB) Download: Download full-size image
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高影响因子
WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY
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2025
·Vol. 41
·期 7
·1-16
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IF 4.2
Gao Qingchao,Feng Zhiruo,Wang Zuli,Zhao Fangyuan,Ju Jian
Carvacrol, a phenolic monoterpenoid and major active constituent of plant essential oils, exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with potential applications in food preservation and agricultural biocontrol. Previous studies have shown that one of the antifungal mechanisms of carvacrol may be the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, but its specific action mechanism is still unclear. This study investigated the apoptosis mechanism of Aspergillus niger caused by ROS burst induced by carvacrol in the molecular level. Carvacrol induced ROS burst, leading to the accumulation of intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) concentration in A. niger which caused the cellular oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, leading to an increase in the content of unsaturated fatty acids as well as a decrease in the content of glycerophospholipids in the cell membrane, and then disrupted the integrity of cell membranes. RT-qPCR was used to analyze the expression levels of different subunit genes of NADPH oxidase, and the result showed that NoxA , Cdc24 , NoxD and NoxR were all upregulated to varying degrees. And the inhibitory effect of carvacrol on A. niger can be alleviated by adding an additional ROS scavenger. Meanwhile, NADPH oxidase inhibitors eliminated the ROS production induced by carvacrol. In summary, carvacrol can induce ROS burst in A. niger by regulating the gene expression levels of different subunits of NADPH oxidase, leading to membrane lipid peroxidation, irreversible damage to the cell membrane, the disruption of redox dynamic balance and finally cell death.
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PubMed
高影响因子
PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH
·
2011
·Vol. 26
·期 1
·86-90
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IF 1.878
Rui-Hua Dong,Zhong-Ze Fang,Liang-Liang Zhu,Si-Cheng Liang,Guang-Bo Ge,Ling Yang,Ze-Yuan Liu
UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), the most important phase II drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), could metabolize many drugs and various endogenous substances including bilirubin, steroid hormones, thyroid hormones, bile acids and fat-soluble vitamins. Evaluation of the inhibitory effects of compounds on UGTs is clinically important because inhibition of UGT isoforms could not only result in serious drug–drug interactions (DDIs), but also induce metabolic disorders of endogenous substances. The aim of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of carvacrol on major UGT isoforms. The results showed that carvacrol could inhibit the activity of UGT1A9 with negligible effects on other UGT isoforms. When 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) was used as a nonspecific probe substrate and recombinant UGT enzymes were utilized as an enzyme resource, the inhibition of UGT1A9 was best fit to the competitive type and the inhibition kinetic parameter ( K i ) was calculated to be 5.7 µ m . Furthermore, another specific probe substrate, propofol, was employed to determine the inhibitory kinetics of UGT1A9, and the results demonstrated that the inhibitory type was noncompetitive. The inhibition kinetic parameter ( K i ) was determined to be 25.0 µ m . Because this substrate-dependent inhibition of UGT1A9 might confuse the in vitro–in vivo extrapolation, these in vitro inhibition kinetic parameters should be interpreted with special caution. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
研究领域:
药理学
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生物化学
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PubMed
高影响因子
Microorganisms
·
2023
·Vol. 11
·期 8
·2027
·
IF 4.5
Liushen Lu,Junwei Wang,Ting Qin,Kai Chen,Jun Xie,Bingwen Xi
Bacterial quorum sensing (QS) plays a crucial role in chemical communication between bacteria involving autoinducers and receptors and controls the production of virulence factors in bacteria. Therefore, reducing the concentration of signaling molecules in QS is an effective strategy for mitigating the virulence of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we demonstrated that carvacrol at 15.625 μg/mL (1/4 MIC), a natural compound found in plants, exhibits potent inhibitory activity against QS inChromobacterium violaceum, as evidenced by a significant reduction (62.46%) in violacein production. Based on its impressive performance, carvacrol was employed as a natural QS inhibitor to suppress the pathogenicity ofAeromonas hydrophilaNJ-35. This study revealed a significant reduction (36.01%) in the concentration of N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), a QS signal molecular secreted byA. hydrophilaNJ-35, after 1/4 MIC carvacrol treatment. Moreover, carvacrol was found to down-regulate the expression ofahyR/I, two key genes in the QS system, which further inhibited the QS system ofA. hydrophilaNJ-35. Finally, based on the above results and molecular docking, we proposed that carvacrol alleviate the pathogenicity ofA. hydrophilaNJ-35 through QS inhibition. These results suggest that carvacrol could serve as a potential strategy for reducing the virulence of pathogenic bacteria and minimizing the reliance on antibiotics in aquaculture.Keywords:A. hydrophila;carvacrol;N-acyl-homoserine lactones;pathogenicity;quorum sensing
研究领域:
微生物学
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水产养殖
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药理学
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PubMed
高影响因子
Microorganisms
·
2022
·Vol. 10
·期 11
·2170
·
IF 4.926
Junwei Wang,Ting Qin,Kai Chen,Liangkun Pan,Jun Xie,Bingwen Xi
Aeromonas hydrophilais a ubiquitous Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen in the freshwater environment and the most common cause of bacterial septicemia in aquaculture. In this study, we investigated the impact of carvacrol, a natural monoterpenoid found in herbs, on the virulence ofA. hydrophilain vitro and the antibacterial effect in combination with antibiotics. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of carvacrol againstA. hydrophilaNJ-35 were 125 µg/mL and 250 µg/mL, respectively. Carvacrol could inhibit the virulence factors (biofilm, protease, exopolysaccharide, and hemolysin) ofA. hydrophila, and the antibiofilm potential of carvacrol was further verified by microscopic detection. Transcriptional analyses showed that the gene expression offlaB,ompA,aha,ahp,ela,act,aerA,AhyR, andhlywere marked as downregulated. The checkerboard assay results showed that carvacrol did not have an antagonistic effect in combination with antibiotics (florfenicol, enrofloxacin, thiamphenicol, or doxycycline hydrochloride) commonly used in aquaculture but possessed an additive-synergistic effect with neomycin sulfate. In vivo studies demonstrated that carvacrol protected grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fromA. hydrophilainfection. Our results indicated that carvacrol possessed significant anti-bacterial and anti-virulence effects onA. hydrophila.Keywords:Aeromonas hydrophila;carvacrol;virulence;biofilm;antibiotics;Ctenopharyngodon idella
研究领域:
微生物学
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水产养殖
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药理学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
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2026
·
IF 2.3
Sijie Wu,Xiaomin Ren,Ronger Wu,Jia Cheng,Xiaoyong Huang
The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) calls for novel antibiotic adjuvants. Carvacrol (Car), a natural monoterpene phenol derived from the essential oils of aromatic plants, exhibits membrane-active properties and has potential as an antibacterial adjuvant. Here, we found that Car markedly enhanced the bactericidal activities of Gentamicin (Gen) against MRSA. Mechanistically, Car dissipated membrane potential, inhibited respiratory chain dehydrogenase activity, and depleted intracellular ATP. Moreover, Car promoted membrane lipid peroxidation, ultimately leading to structural and functional membrane damage and bacterial death. Notably, pharmacological perturbation of respiratory and metabolic pathways further supported that this synergistic effect depends on bacterial respiratory bioenergetics. In addition, the combination showed favorable in vivo antibacterial efficacy in both Galleria mellonella and murine infection models, without apparent toxicity under the tested conditions. Collectively, these findings indicate that Car may serve as a natural antibacterial adjuvant for combination therapy against drug-resistant infections.
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高影响因子
ACS Omega
·
2024
·
IF 3.7
Shuo Wang,Xinyuan Xu,Xiangyu Zhu,Xiao Tan,Bei Xie
Preventing microbial infections and accelerating wound closure are essential in the process of wound healing. In this study, various concentrations of carvacrol (CA) were loaded into polyacrylonitrile/poly(ethylene oxide) (PAN/PEO) nanofiber membranes to develop potential wound dressing materials via an electrospinning technique. The morphology and structure of the PAN/PEO/CA nanofiber membrane were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. Subsequently, antimicrobial performance testing showed that the PAN/PEO/CA nanofiber membrane exhibited antimicrobial activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, SEM and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the number of Staphylococcus aureus decreased significantly and the microstructure of the biofilm was seriously damaged. Next, compared with the control and PAN/PEO groups, the PAN/PEO/5% CA group in a full-thickness skin infection model not only exhibited reduced wound exudate on day 2 after infection but also displayed a greater ability to achieve complete skin regeneration, with faster wound healing. Finally, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that the downregulated differentially expressed genes between PAN/PEO- and PAN/PEO/5% CA-treated S. aureus were enriched in the two-component system and S. aureus infection. In conclusion, the antimicrobial materials of PAN/PEO/CA inhibited microbial growth and promoted wound healing with potential applications in the clinical management of wounds.
研究领域:
材料科学
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生物医学工程
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微生物学
·
伤口愈合研究
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS
·
2026
·
IF 4
Xiuwen Huang,Yi Liu,Quan Wang,Shuan Cheng,Zhongbo Li,Lijun Zhang,Zuju Shu
To fully leverage the natural antioxidant properties of carvacrol (CAR) and achieve sustained release for enhanced bioactivity, core-shell structured CAR loaded nanofiber membranes were fabricated via coaxial electrospinning, with gelatin (GEL) encapsulated CAR as the core layer and degradable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the shell. The shell-to-core flow rate ratio served as a crucial regulatory parameter to tailor the fiber microstructure and macroscopic performance. Excessively high flow rates induced fiber adhesion and structural defects, while the optimized PVA-8 exhibited uniform fiber morphology and a well-defined core-shell structure. Most importantly, the chemical structural integrity of CAR, GEL, and PVA within the core-shell nanofibers after electrospinning was confirmed using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Variation in the shell-to-core flow rate ratio effectively regulated the thermal stability and antioxidant capacity of nanofiber membranes. A higher PVA shell proportion improved thermal stability but slightly reduced the relative CAR content and antioxidant activity of the membranes. Release kinetics fitting based on the Ritger–Peppas model revealed that all nanofiber samples followed a typical Fickian diffusion mechanism for CAR release. Benefiting from its intact core-shell structure and stable component properties, PVA-8 achieved the optimal sustained CAR release behavior. This work demonstrates that the rationally designed coaxial electrospun nanofibers integrate superior chemical stability and controllable active ingredient release behavior, which provides a feasible and reliable strategy for the fabrication of high-stability multifunctional active packaging materials.
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高影响因子
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