Catalyst modulation and kinetic analysis of the hydration reaction of 2,5-dicyanofuran
2,5-Furandicarboxamide (FDA) is a promising bio-based platform compound for synthesizing high-value chemicals. Conventional synthesis methods, including strong acid/base-catalyzed reactions and ammonia oxidation, present significant environmental concerns and safety risks. In this paper, we investigated the performance of various oxide catalysts and the kinetics of the hydration reaction of 2,5-dicyanofuran (DCF) to produce FDA. The nanorod manganese oxide (NR-MnO 2 ) catalyst demonstrated remarkable efficacy, achieving an FDA yield of 97.5% at a reaction temperature of 110 °C over 2.5 h. Additionally, integrating cerium oxide (CeO 2 ) with NR-MnO 2 enhanced the selectivity for the single cyano hydration reaction. Specifically, the Mn 1 -Ce 0.25 oxide catalyst yielded 76.1% for 5-cyano- 2-furancarboxamide (DFFA) with an impressive selectivity of 89.2%. A kinetic model for the DCF hydration reaction was successfully developed using NR-MnO 2 as the catalyst. The model revealed that the initial stages involve the hydration of monocyano to form DFFA, followed by further hydration to form the FDA. Based on the Arrhenius model, the apparent activation energies were 48.5 kJ/mol and 35.4 kJ/mol, respectively. The results of this study provide a scientific foundation for the hydration of DCF in the production of DFFA or FDA, offering a more selective and environmentally friendly approach to the synthesis of bio-based amides.
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