Solvent-Free Acetalization of Glycerol with n-Octanal using Combined Brønsted Acid-Surfactant Catalyst
Glycerol, derived from biodiesel production, is a renewable feedstock for the production of value-added chemicals. Herein, we report an investigation of the acetalization of glycerol with n -octanal by homogeneous acid catalysis in the absence of a solvent, using p -dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, p -toluenesulfonic acid, and sulfuric acid, respectively, as catalysts. p -Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, a surfactant-type Brønsted acid, proved to be an excellent catalyst capable of efficiently promoting the reaction under solvent-free conditions, and the yields of glycerol acetals reached 99% under the optimal conditions. The distribution of five- and six-membered cyclic acetal regioisomers varied depending on the reaction time and temperature. Moreover, the amphiphilic properties of the products, with different ratios of five- to six-membered cyclic acetals, have been evaluated by surface tension measurements.
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