A lysosome-targeting ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe based on cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and quantum dots (QDs) has been developed for monitoring pH fluctuation in living cells. The as-prepared nanoprobe is constructed by Rhodamine B labeled R 9 RGD CPPs as H + response unit and the red fluorescent QDs as reference unit to achieve ratiometric pH measurement. With the help of RhB-R 9 RGD CPPs, the nanoprobe efficiently stains lysosomes and enables discernment of lysosomal pH fluctuation in cells treated with different pH buffers and drug stimulation. The method of using dye labeled CPPs to realize functionalization of nanoparticle in one-step reported herein is expected to obtain wider applications in the detection of subcellular active substances by combining different small molecular probes and functional peptides.
Rechargeable aqueous zinc-metal batteries, considered as the possible post-lithium-ion battery technology for large-scale energy storage, face severe challenges such as dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution side reaction (HER) on Zn negative electrode. Herein, a three-dimensional Cu-In alloy interface is developed through a facile potential co-replacement route to realize uniform Zn nucleation and HER anticatalytic effect simultaneously. Both theoretical calculations and experimental results demonstrate that this bifunctional Cu-In alloy interface inherits the merits of low Zn-nucleation overpotential and high HER overpotential from individual copper and indium constituents, respectively. Moreover, the dynamical self-reconstruction during cycling leads to an HER-anticatalytic and zincophilic gradient hierarchical structure, enabling highly reversible Zn chemistry with dendrite-free Zn (002) deposition and inhibited HER. Moreover, the improved interface stability featured by negligible pH fluctuations in the diffusion layer and suppressed by-product formation is evidenced by in-situ scanning probe technology, Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemical gas chromatography. Consequently, the lifespan of the CuIn@Zn symmetric cell is extended to more than one year with a voltage hysteresis of 6 mV. Importantly, the CuIn@Zn negative electrode is also successfully coupled with high-loading iodine positive electrode to fabricate Ah-level (1.1 Ah) laminated pouch cell, which exhibits a capacity retention of 67.9% after 1700 cycles.
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