POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2024
·
IF 6.3
Mei Wan,Congling Shi,Lei Chen,Lei Deng,Yueping Qin,Honglei Che,Jingyun Jing,Junyi Li,Xiaodong Qian
Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is the most commercially valuable phosphorus-based flame retardant, but poor interaction with the polymer interface limits the flame-retardant efficiency. In this work, a new type of multi-layered nanomaterial coating APP (APP-PEI@MXene@ZIF-67) was prepared and introduced into thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) polymers by a simple and green assembly strategy. The effects of different loading shells of modified APP on the flame retardancy of TPU composites were investigated, as well as their gas/condensed phase thermal degradation products and their flame-retardant mechanisms. The results showed that APP-PEI@MXene@ZIF-67 was more favorable for catalytic char formation than APP, and the residual char formed by its composites was denser and more continuous. Compared with the pure TPU, the pHRR, THR, pSPR, and TSP of TPU/APP-PEI@MXene@ZIF-67–2BL composites were decreased by 72.75 %, 87.25 %, 59.58 %, and 85.97 %, respectively, which significantly reduced the heat and smoke release during the combustion process. The gas-phase and condensed-phase flame retardant mechanisms synergized to construct a possible approach to address the fire risk and heat/smoke hazards of TPUs and promote the extensive application of TPU polymers.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子科学
·
消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
·
2022
·
IF 6.206
Yapeng Zheng,Kang Zhang,Yan Wang,Chao Ma,Zhou Gui
There has been a greatly extensive research interest in PMMA materials as alternatives to traditional glass. However, it remains tremendously challenging to integrate multiple functionalities into a PMMA material that can be diffusely applied to a flammable and complex scene. Herein, we fabricated a transparent, flame-retardant and high hardness coating based PMMA substrate through an in situ photo-polymerization by UV curing technology. The LOI test results showed that all coated PMMA obtained a good grade compared with pure sample, CPMMA-1 and CPMMA-4,5 can reach 24.5 and 24.0, respectively. The cone calorimeter experiment revealed that coated PMMA significantly enhanced fire safety, as the PHRR and THR values of CPMMA-1 were reduced by 48.6 % and 23.0 %, respectively. The FPI and FGI values of CPMMA-1 were 0.060 (m 2 ·s)/kW and 2.8 kW/(m 2 ·s) in comparison with 0.049 (m 2 ·s)/kW and 10.4 kW/(m 2 ·s) of pure PMMA. The large panel combustion test results revealed that CPMMA-1 and CPMMA-5 obtained the good fireproof property. Additionally, all coated PMMA achieved a satisfactory level about at least 3H and 3B level in hardness and adhesion test and were greatly improved compared with the pure sample. Furthermore, the coated PMMA can still maintain good transparency and visible light properties. Therefore, an innovative research idea and basis for the fabrication of flame-retardant PMMA materials are provided in this work. The manufacture of coated PMMA in this research provides a promising way and foresight into the design development for the next-generation of multifunctional fireproof PMMA materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
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消防安全工程
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2022
·Vol. 33
·期 10
·3490-3500
·
IF 3.348
Wu Zhang,Weikang Xia,Yasheng Shi,Changlin Zhou,Ran Chen,Lei Wang,Jinqing Qu
Flame-retarded epoxy thermosets are highly desirable for electronics-related basic materials in the new-generation information applications. Herein, a DOPO-anchored benzothiadiazole flame retardant, namely DOPO-BTD , is designed and synthesized for P/N/S synergistic flame-retarded epoxy thermosets. DOPO-BTD possesses good thermal stability and excellent compatibility with the epoxy matrix. As reflected by UL 94 test, the DOPO-BTD coated EP passes the V0 rating and achieves a higher LOI value of 34.6% at ultralow P content of 0.39 wt%. The investigation of the DOPO-BTD -triggered P/N/S synergistic flame-retarded effect by thermal images further validated the flame retarded efficacy and dramatic inhibition of the flame. Meanwhile, the incorporation of 4.8 wt% DOPO-BTD into the epoxy matrix, the PHRR, THR, SPR, TSP, and COP are significantly decreased by 37.97%, 27.44%, 25.49%, 19.83%, and 31.70%, respectively. Additionally, the fire growth index (FGI) is sharply dropped 26.06%. Moreover, the TGIR and TGMS results convince the flame-retarded mechanism of DOPO-BTD through the combination of the gas-phase and condensed-phase pathways. The P/N/S synergistic DOPO-BTD can serve as a promising flame retardant for efficiently fabricating the flame-retarded epoxy thermosets, and this study sheds light on the development of multiple elements synergistic flame-retardants for functional polymers with great application potential.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
高分子科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2023
·
IF 3.4
Xiaodong Jin,Xinyi Wu,Qinyong Liu,Shibing Sun,Suping Cui,Sheng Zhang,Chen Chen
In this work, a metal organic framework (Fe-MOF) with the effect of absorbing toxic gases and good compatibility was synthesized by chelating a novel organic ligand contained carbonization groups (reacted by tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane and 1,4-piperazine dialdehyde) with iron salt. Then, it was used as the synergist to improve the efficiency of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) within polystyrene (PS) substrate. With the addition of 20% IFR and 2% Fe-MOF, the obtained PS composites exhibited a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 28.3% and a UL rating of V-0. Moreover, the peak heat release rate (pHRR), total heat release (THR), and total smoke production (TSP) of PS composites were decreased by 77.6%, 35.2%, and 33.7%, respectively. According to the mechanism analysis, it was found that Fe-MOF mainly acted in the condensed phase, contributing to the existence of dense char residues with the presence of IFR system. In addition, the good compatibility of organic ligand in Fe-MOF with PS substrate could partially alleviate the deterioration of mechanical properties due to the addition of IFR. For PS-20%IFR/2%Fe-MOF, the impact strength was improved from 1.7 kJ/m 2 (PS-22%IFR) to 2.2 kJ/m 2 , the tensile strength was also increased from 21.3 MPa (PS-22%IFR) to 22.4 MPa.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
·
消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 2.7
Chao Ling,Wen Zhang,Zhengzhou Wang
The preparation of biomass flame retardants with efficient flame-retardant properties is conducive to the realization of sustainable development and is of great practical significance. In this work, a green and sustainable biomass flame retardant PATAPEI was prepared by using phytic acid (PA), tannic acid (TA), and polyethyleneimine (PEI) as reactants via a one-step method to develop biomass flame retardants that can synchronize enhanced flame retardation, smoke suppression, and mechanical performance of epoxy resin (EP). The EP with only a 3% PATAPEI (EP/3PTP) has a LOI value of 28.5% with a UL-94 V-0 classification. The peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), and total smoke release (TSR) of EP/3PTP were decreased by 29.72%, 25.80%, and 21.16%, respectively, in comparison with the ones of pure EP. Additionally, the tensile and impact strengths of EP/3PTP are higher than the ones of pure EP. PATAPEI on heating decomposes to produce phosphorus-containing acids and biphenyltriol-containing compounds, which promote to form a good char layer with the aromatic structures during the combustion of EP/3PTP. Therefore, PATAPEI has prospects of wide application in the development of sustainable biomass flame retardant EP.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
可持续化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMOSPHERE
·
2022
·
IF 8.943
Jia-Hui Chen,Jia-Hui Lu,Xiao-Lu Pu,Li Chen,Yu-Zhong Wang
Flame retardancy and recyclability are two important issues in the research field of thermosets, particularly for epoxy resin (EP) with the biggest market share. It is of great importance, but rarely achievable, to integrate these properties simultaneously into EP. Herein, we report a facile way to prepare intrinsically flame-retardant epoxy vitrimers combining rapid recycling and multiple shape memory effects by introducing dynamic ester-linkages with catalytic transesterification activity into the crosslinking networks of EP. The flame-retardant epoxy vitrimers exhibited high T g (∼110.7 °C), desirable thermal stability and excellent flame retardancy with UL-94 V-0 rating, and high LOI of ∼34%. Also, the value of the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and the total heat release (THR) showed 63% and 32% reduction, respectively. Meanwhile, flame-retardant epoxy vitrimers showed high malleability that could be reprocessed in 15 min at 200 °C without sacrificing the mechanical properties and flame retardancy. Moreover, the dynamic transesterification network allowed flame-retardant EP to access multiple shape memory effect. The design of flame-retardant epoxy vitrimers provide a prime example to foster the cyclic utilization of flame-retardant thermosetting polymers.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
·
消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
·
2022
·
IF 4.966
Xiaoling Fan,Fei Xin,Wenchao Zhang,Haoyu Liu
A novel phosphorus-containing flame retardant PZN@UiO-66-NH 2 was synthesized by covalent bonding between HCCP and UiO-66-NH 2 , and applied in unsaturated polyester (UPR). The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron energy spectra (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to confirm the chemical structure of PZN@UiO-66-NH 2 . The appearance of new P-N-C bond indicated that HCCP was successfully reacted with UiO-66-NH 2 . The thermal stability and the flame-retardant properties of the UPR composites were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimeter test. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of UPR composite with 4 wt% PZN@UiO-66-NH 2 can reach 23.9%. Compared with pure UPR, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) value, total heat release (THR) value and average effective heat of combustion (av-EHC) value of UPR composite with 4 wt% PZN@UiO-66-NH 2 dropped by 36.53%, 28.70%, 23.50%, respectively. The addition of PZN@UiO-66-NH 2 slightly improved the impact performance of UPR composite. PZN@UiO-66-NH 2 can solve UiO-66-NH 2 's agglomeration dilemma in UPR to some extent.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子科学
·
阻燃性能
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2024
·
IF 5.6
Lifan Li,Deming Zhou,Yifan Zhu,Tonghua Zhang,Zaixing Zhang,Lingxiao Jing
Cotton fabrics has the disadvantages of flammability and breed bacteria, resulting in a risk to the life and health of the user. Hence, it is necessary to address the problems and also can create value-added products at the same time. In this work, a Triazole-halamine-diethyl phosphite (NABTA-DEP) was initially synthesized, followed by its application to cotton fabrics via the thiol-ene click reaction. This preparation process resulted in a multifunctional antibacterial cotton fabrics after chlorination (Cotton-NABTA-DEP-Cl). The results proved that NABTA-DEP was successfully synthesized and grafted onto cotton fabrics. Based on the effect of N-halamine and triazole structures, the antibacterial testing results showed that almost all of S. aureus and E. coli onto the modified cotton were inactivated at a concentration of 5 g/L. The modified cotton fabrics with 6.7 % grafting rate demonstrated satisfied thermal stability and the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) values decreased compared with raw cotton fabric. Additionally, loading of 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane (MPTES) could enhance hydrophobicity, which decreased slightly after chlorination, water contact angle (WCA) at 3 s from 131 ° to 127.5 °. The paper offers valuable insights for the development of multifunctional cotton fabrics and expands the application scope.
研究领域:
纺织科学
·
材料化学
·
生物材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2024
·
IF 5.6
Peixiao Sun,Hongjian Zhang,Xiaoli Li,Yang Leng,Bin Li,Zhao Wang,Miaojun Xu
With the rapid progress of electronics and 5 G technology, high flame retardancy and low toxicity epoxy resin have been crucial. Hence, the bio-carbon dot (CD) doped with N, P, and Mo elements was prepared by hydrothermal method using corn straw as the biomass carbon source, ethylenediamine as the nitrogen source, and phosphomolybdic acid as the phosphorus and molybdenum source. As a P-containing compound, ADP complexed with CD containing the transition metal element Mo on the surface to obtain complexes (ADP/CD). The flame retardant epoxy resin composites (EP/ADP/CD) were further prepared by ADP/CD as a flame retardant and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) as a curing substance. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to analyze the shape and chemical structure of CD. The experimental results indicate that when the additive amount of ADP/CD was 4 % (ADP: CD=3.5:0.5), the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the EP/3.5ADP/0.5CD was 37.5 % (41.5 % higher than pure EP) and reached the UL94 V-0 rate. Cone calorimeter testing revealed a 51.4 %, 39.1 %, 19.6 %, and 70.4 % decrease in the peak heat release rate (pHRR), total heat release (THR), carbon monoxide production (COP), and carbon dioxide production (CO 2 P) of EP/ADP/CD. respectively, then with EP. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of EP/3.5ADP/0.5CD were discussed. Therefore, this work designs a flame-retardant carbon dot , providing a new scheme for creating a multifunctional epoxy resin with flame retardancy, smoke reduction, and toxicity reduction.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学
·
消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Xiaodong Jin,Xinyi Wu,Wufei Tang,Zheni Tan,Wanfu Wang,Shibing Sun
Layer by layer (LBL) self-assembly coatings upon expandable polystyrene (EPS) surface play an important role in improving its flame retardancy. However, a large number of layers is needed to achieve a satisfied fire performance, and the coatings are difficult to adhere on the inert EPS surface, resulting in the poor durability. In this work, the surface of EPS was activated by ultraviolet ozone (UVO) with the appearance of oxygen contained groups, then a LBL coating with only two bilayers (branched polyethyleneimine (BPEI)-kaolinite (kaol)-BPEI-diethylene triamine penta (methylene phosphonic acid)) was covalently connected on the EPS surface. Compared with neat EPS, the obtained E-K 5 D 30 sample increased the value of limiting oxygen index (LOI) from 18.8 % to 37.7 %, improved the ignition time from 59 s to 95 s, reduced the peak heat release rate (pHRR) value from 282.0 kW/m 2 to 220.9 kW/m 2 , and enhanced the char residues from 6.3 % to 32.3 % after the combustion. Moreover, an ultraviolet (UV) curing layer with P/N elements was prepared upon E-K 5 D 30 sample to maximize the flame retardant durability. A novel amino-intercalated kaol was used to play a smoke suppression role. The results showed that E-K* 5 D 30 -P 8 N 3 sample further increased the LOI to 39.2 %. Even after 12 h washing, the E-K* 5 D 30 -P 8 N 3 sample exhibited a slight LOI reduction to 37.8 %, and fire performance index (FPI) value of 0.405 m 2 ·s/kW, showing the successful construction of coatings with good fire safety and flame retardant durability.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
聚合物化学
·
消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER TESTING
·
2020
·
IF 3.275
Weiqi Xie,Donglin Tang,Shumei Liu,Jianqing Zhao
The development of high-performance biomass-derived epoxy thermosets with excellent flame resistance is vital to various applications (i.e., composites, coatings and adhesives). Herein, a difunctional epoxy monomer bis(2-methoxy-4-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)phenyl) phenyl phosphate (BEU-EP) was synthesized from abundant and biobased eugenol . In addition, BEU-EP was cured by 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM) and the cured resin diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)/DDM was used as a reference. Results indicated that BEU-EP/DDM not only showed a 58.1%, 28.8% and 35.1% increase in residual char (at 700 °C), flexural and storage modulus (at 30 °C) compared with DGEBA/DDM, but also exhibited excellent flame resistance and smoke suppression. BEU-EP/DDM passed V-0 rating (in UL-94 testing) with limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 38.4% and greatly decreased the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total smoke production (TSP) by 84.9% and 80.5%, respectively. The mechanism analysis confirmed that the phosphorus-containing group and aromatic structure from BEU-EP contributed both the gas and condensed-phase flame retardation of BEU-EP/DDM network. This work provides an efficient and scalable route for synthesizing biobased epoxy thermosets with high integrated performance and superior flame resistance.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
高分子科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2023
·
IF 5.9
Yuan Zhang,Xinyu Zhang,Peng Wang,Yudie Liu,Mengting Wan,Kan Zhang
The fabrication of bio-based epoxy resins having better intrinsic flame retardancy and mechanical performances than petroleum-based epoxy thermosets is important for alleviation of energy and health concerns. In this study, bio-based monomer of diglycidyl ether of curcumin (DGEC) was successfully synthesized from a natural and renewable curcumin through a facile one-step process. The biocompatible epoxy resin obtained was then cured with 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) and compared with petroleum-based diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA). The DGEC/DDS exhibited a higher glass-transition temperature (300 °C) than DGEBA/DDS (215 °C), indicating the outstanding heat resistance. The tensile strength of DGEC/DDS was 65.9 MPa, higher than that of DGEBA/DDS (56.1 MPa). Furthermore, DGEC/DDS showed excellent charring ability with char yield of 50.15% at 800 °C in N 2 , which was approximatively 3.5 times as much as that of the cured DGEBA/DDS (14.68%). Microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC) test demonstrated that the DGEC/DDS possessed lower heat release capacity (HRC, 130 J/gk), peak heat release rate (PHRR, 115.0 W/g) and total heat release (THR, 9.9 kJ/g), which were reduced by 80.2%, 74.8% and 59.4%, respectively, compared to those of DGEBA/DDS (658 J/gk, 457.3 W/g, 24.4 kJ/g). The DGEC/DDS passed the UL-94 test and attained the V-0 rating, revealing the good flame retardancy. This work provided an opportunity to prepare bio-based epoxy resins with better properties than DGEBA, which exhibited promising applications in high heat and flame retardancy fields.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
可持续化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）