PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
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2022
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IF 4.966
Dong Guo,Lulu Luo,Yuan Kong,Zhiyang Kuang,Siyi Wen,Meirong Zhao,Weiguang Zhang,Jun Fan
Paclobutrazol is a widely used chiral plant growth regulator and its enantioselective toxicity in aquatic organisms is less explored till now. Herein, the enantioselective neurotoxicity of paclobutrazol mediated by oxidative stress in zebrafish were investigated. The oxidative stress parameters and neurotoxic biomarkers changed significantly in each exposure group, and paclobutrazol showed enantioselective toxicity in zebrafish. Firstly, (2 R , 3 R )-paclobutrazol exhibited a stronger oxidative stress in zebrafish than (2 S , 3 S )-enantiomer ( P < 0.05). Then, activities of acetylcholinesterase , calcineurin , and total nitric oxide synthase in (2 R , 3 R )-paclobutrazol treatments were 0.61–0.89, 1.24–1.53, and 1.21–1.35-fold stronger ( P < 0.05) than those in (2 S , 3 S )-enantiomer treatments, respectively. Next, the content variations of four neurotransmitters in zebrafish exposed to (2 R , 3 R )-paclobutrazol were significantly larger than those in (2 S , 3 S )-enantiomer treatments ( P < 0.05). Moreover, (2 R , 3 R )-paclobutrazol had stronger binding with the receptors than (2 S , 3 S )-enantiomer through molecular docking . The integrated biomarker response values further demonstrated that (2 R , 3 R )-paclobutrazol showed stronger toxicity to zebrafish than (2 S , 3 S )-enantiomer. Furthermore, the neurotoxicity of paclobutrazol can be interpreted as the mediating effect of oxidative stress in zebrafish through correlation analysis, and an adverse outcome pathway for the nervous system in zebrafish induced by paclobutrazol was proposed. This work will greatly extend our understanding on the enantioselective toxic effects of paclobutrazol in aquatic organisms.
研究领域:
环境科学
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毒理学
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水生生物学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Current Research in Food Science
·
2022
·
IF 6.269
Yongjian Cheng,Bo Xie,Yifan Liang,Xinmei Liu,Haojie Chen,Jiadong Li,Hongtao Lei,Zhili Xiao
Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a plant growth inhibitor and fungicide, but it is also carcinogenic and teratogenic, and has potential harm to human health. In this study, two PBZ haptens (PBZ-1, PBZ-2) were synthesized and conjugated with carrier proteins to get artificial antigens. A highly specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) against PBZ was prepared. The antibody subtype was IgG 1 and the concentration was 11.03 mg/mL. A sensitive and rapid time-resolved fluorescence microsphere lateral flow immunoassay (TRFMs-LFIA) was established based on the mAb. The activated pH, the mAbs diluents, the mAb reacting concentration and the probe amount were optimized. The visual limit of detection (vLOD) and quantitative limit of detection (qLOD) of the TRFMs-LFIA for PBZ were 50 and 1.72 ng/mL respectively, and the 50% inhibiting concentration (IC 50 ) was 9.38 ng/mL. The pretreatment procedures are simple and rapid, and the detection time of TRFMs-LFIA strip is 6 min. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of PBZ could be achieved under a UV light or with a portable fluorescence immunoassay analyzer. The average recovery rates ranged from 96.2% to 111.9% and the corresponding coefficients of variation (CV) were 4.0%–11.2% in spiked wheat and rice samples. Twenty real wheat and rice samples were measured by the TRFMs-LFIA and compared with Ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The measured values showed a good accordance. These results indicated that the proposed assay will provide a novel effective strategy for on-site detection of PBZ.
研究领域:
农业科学
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免疫学
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食品安全
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 4.7
Dong Guo,Simin Chen,Weiguang Zhang,Jun Fan
Paclobutrazol is a plant growth inhibitor widely used in agricultural production. However, toxicology studies of paclobutrazol enantiomers towards aquatic organisms are limited. Herein, effects of paclobutrazol and its two enantiomers (2 R , 3 R ; 2 S , 3 S ) on glycolipid metabolism of zebrafish have been systemically explored at the concentration of 10 mg/L through biochemical analyses, LC-MS/MS, molecular dynamics simulation, and gene expression. In all treatments, the contents of glucose, citric acid and lactate significantly were increased while the glycogen and pyruvate contents were decreased, in which (2 R , 3 R )-paclobutrazol exhibited a greater effect than the (2 S , 3 S )-enantiomer ( P < 0.05). Then, activities of hexokinase and lactate dehydrogenase in (2 R , 3 R )-paclobutrazol treatment were 0.74- and 1.18-fold higher than (2 S , 3 S )-enantiomer treatment, respectively ( P < 0.001), and the results of molecular dynamics simulation revealed that the binding free energy of hexokinase 1 to (2 R , 3 R )-paclobutrazol was higher than that to the antipode. Moreover, lipids including triglycerides , total cholesterol , fatty acids, bile acids and glycerophospholipids in zebrafish were strikingly affected after paclobutrazol exposure. The (2 R , 3 R )-paclobutrazol-treated group showed the most obvious changes, indicating that it possessed much stronger disruption ability on the lipid metabolism of zebrafish. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis results revealed that (2 R , 3 R )-enantiomer significantly impacted expressions of glycolipid metabolism-related genes ( hk1 , g6pc , pck1 , pk , aco , cebpa , cyp51 , fasn and ppara ) in zebrafish than (2 S , 3 S )-enantiomer ( P < 0.05). Briefly, this study provides new evidences for the toxicity of paclobutrazol to aquatic organisms and the potential risk to human health at the chiral level.
研究领域:
环境毒理学
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水生生物学
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生物化学
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手性研究
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES
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2026
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IF 2.5
Zengbo Fang,Xiaoxi Liu,Xia Xu,Longkun Li,Shuyao Wang,Kejia Liang,Longwei Lv,Meng Li,Yan Cui
A novel urea-linked β -cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase was constructed. • A chiral LC-MS/MS method for determination of paclobutrazol in soil and earthworms. • Earthworms accelerated the degradation rate of paclobutrazol enantiomers. • (2 S ,3 S )-paclobutrazol showed a greater tendency for bioaccumulation in earthworms. A novel cyclodextrin-derived chiral stationary phase (CMHDC) was synthesized by coupling 3-chloro-4-methylphenylcarbamate-mono-6-hexamethylenediamine- β -cyclodextrin to the surface of silica gel via a urea linkage, and was then packed into a column. The chiral separation capability of the CMHDC column was evaluated, and molecular docking was used to explore the chiral recognition mechanism. The column showed good chiral recognition ability for various drugs. The separation mechanism likely depended on differences in hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and host-guest inclusion effects. Based on this, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the enantioselective determination of paclobutrazol enantiomers in soil and earthworm samples was developed and validated. The method demonstrated good specificity, and both enantiomers exhibited excellent linearity in the concentration range of 0.025–25.0 μg/mL ( r ≥ 0.9972). The accuracy expressed as relative error (RE) ranged from −5.4% to 5.5%, and the intra-day and inter-day precisions expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD) were both below 7.6%, while the matrix effects ranged from 92.2% to 97.5%. The established method was applied to investigate the enantioselective degradation and accumulation of paclobutrazol enantiomers in soil and earthworms, respectively. The results indicated that the degradation process of paclobutrazol enantiomers in soil exhibited significant difference, with (2 R ,3 R )-paclobutrazol being preferentially degraded. The biological action of earthworms significantly accelerated the degradation rate of paclobutrazol enantiomers in soil. Meanwhile, (2 S ,3 S )-paclobutrazol exhibited a stronger tendency for bioaccumulation in earthworms. These findings provide a scientific basis for assessing the environmental risks of paclobutrazol enantiomers and for developing safer single-configuration paclobutrazol pesticides.
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PubMed
高影响因子
ANNALS OF BOTANY
·
2024
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IF 3.6
Guo Huanhuan,Li Shiqin,Liu Yong,Yang Qinsong
Background and AimsChinese pistachio (Pistacia chinensis Bunge), an important horticultural plant species, holds great ornamental value with beautiful leaves and fruits. Seedling propagation of this tree species is restricted by its erratic seed germination, however, the germination mechanism is ambiguous yet. The aim of this study was to figure out the germination mechanism from the novel perspective based on the multi-omics data.MethodsThe multi-omics technique combined with hormone content measurement was first applied in seed germination of Chinese pistachio.Key ResultsDue to the great accumulation during seed germination, catechin stood out from the identified metabolites by broadly targeted metabolomic analysis. Exogenous catechin of 10 mg/L significantly improved the germination of Chinese pistachio seeds. An interesting result of hormone analysis showed that the improving effect of catechin could be attributed to increase of the gibberellic acid 3 (GA3) content rather than decrease of the abscisic acid (ABA) content before germination. The paclobutrazol (PAC, a GA biosynthesis inhibitor) and PAC + catechin treatments also showed that the promoting effect of catechin on seed germination depends on GA biosynthesis. Transcriptome analysis and qRT‒PCR further revealed that catechin induced the expression of PcGA20ox5 to activate GA biosynthesis. Several transcription factors were induced by catechin and GA treatments, such as TCP, bZIP and C3H, which may play an important regulatory role in GA biosynthesis in a catechin-mediated way.ConclusionsCatechin promotes seed germination via GA biosynthesis in Chinese pistachios. This study proposes a novel mechanism by which catechin promotes seed germination via the GA pathway, which provides new insight into a comprehensive understanding of seed dormancy and germination.
研究领域:
植物学
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植物生理学
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分子生物学
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园艺学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2026
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IF 10.6
Chaogeng Lyu,Ruishan Wang,Tielin Wang,Yang Ge,Jian Yang,Chuanzhi Kang,Yan Zhang,Lanping Guo
Two-year field trials evaluated paclobutrazol effects on Ophiopogon japonicus . • Yield increased by 44–48%, but residues exceeded limits by 1.3–5.4-fold. • Representative homoisoflavonoids increased up to 98.8%, while saponins decreased to 33%. • Anti-inflammatory activity increased by approximately 40%, but antioxidant capacity decreased by over 20%. The illicit use of plant growth regulators in medicinal plant cultivation poses potential environmental and public health risks, exemplified by paclobutrazol (PBZ) application on Ophiopogon japonicus (OJ). The new Chinese Pharmacopoeia establishes the first mandatory standard limiting PBZ residues in OJ. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic benefits, residue risks, metabolomic alterations, and preliminary biological consequences of PBZ application in OJ under field conditions to support the new standard's implementation. PBZ increased OJ yield by 43.7%–47.7% at medium concentrations but posed residue risks, with levels reaching 1.3- to 5.4-fold of the limit at medium-to-high concentrations. PBZ differentially regulated metabolite profiles, promoting representative homoisoflavonoids (8.9%–98.8% increase) while suppressing steroidal saponins (7.6%–32.8% decrease). PBZ enhanced anti-inflammatory activity (up to ∼40%) but attenuated antioxidant capacity (>20% reduction), exploratory correlation analysis suggested potential associations between activity changes and metabolite levels. In conclusion, PBZ impacts beyond residue concerns, inducing substantial alterations in metabolites, with preliminary observations suggesting that these changes may potentially affect the bioactivity and safety of the medicinal material. This study provides baseline data and directions for subsequent ecotoxicological and safety assessments, and may offer references to inform the potential development of evidence-based management policies regarding PGRs. Download: Download high-res image (304KB) Download: Download full-size image
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高影响因子
Separation Science Plus
·
2026
·Vol. 9
·期 4
·e70218
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IF 2.7
Xiaowen Hou,Shengnan Jiang,XueLian Qin,Yuhao Xiong,Zhengyi Chen
Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a widely used triazole plant growth regulator whose residues in fruits, traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and biological matrices raise increasing concerns for food safety and pharmacopoeial quality control. Routine monitoring is dominated by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), whereas high-performance LC with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) is rarely used because PBZ absorbs in the deep ultraviolet region near 220 nm, where co-extracted matrix components often cause severe interference. Here, a simple salting-out assisted liquid–liquid extraction procedure based on acetonitrile and sodium sulfate was developed to provide simultaneous clean-up and preconcentration prior to HPLC-UV. Under the optimized conditions, PBZ showed good linearity over 0.5–5.0 µg/mL, with a limit of detection of 0.10 µg/mL. The method was successfully applied to representative complex matrices, including Ophiopogon japonicus , passion fruit, citrus, urine, and plasma, giving recoveries of 83.6%–107% with relative standard deviations ≤4.0%. These results demonstrate that an optimized salting–out–assisted liquid–liquid extraction step can substantially improve the feasibility of deep-ultraviolet detection of PBZ using widely available instrumentation, providing a rapid and cost-effective option for routine screening and quality control.
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高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）