NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
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2020
·Vol. 44
·期 14
·5218-5223
·
IF 3.288
Xiaona Hu,Ziruo Zhou,Lijun Han,Shujing Li,Wei Zhou
In recent years, phloretin has gained wide interest because of its antioxidant, antitumor, and skin whitening properties. However, its low water solubility and low stability make its usage in clinical application difficult, especially in water-based formulations. Phloretin–methyl-β-cyclodextrin (phloretin–Me-β-CD) and phloretin–(2-hydroxy)propyl-β-cyclodextrin (phloretin–HP-β-CD) inclusion complexes were prepared by the freeze-drying method. Phase solubility studies indicated that the ratio of the host–guest molecules was 1 : 1. The inclusion behavior has been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and two-dimensional rotational frame nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (2D ROESY). The results showed that the water solubility of phloretin improved after encapsulation. The reducing power (RP) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity tests revealed that the antioxidant activity of phloretin improved after the formation of inclusion complexes with Me-β-CD and HP-β-CD. This could be a promising way to improve phloretin as a water-based formulation of antioxidants.
研究领域:
药剂学
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生物化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Food Bioscience
·
2024
·
IF 4.8
Yushi Wei,Jianmei Wu,Xi Peng,Xing Hu,Deming Gong,Guowen Zhang
The anti-glycation potential and mechanism of phloretin and phlorizin were investigated in the study. In the methylglyoxal (MGO)-human serum albumin (HSA) glycosylation system, the inhibition against fluorescent advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) was more than 60% at 960 μM phloretin and phlorizin. They decreased carbonylation and oxidative damage of protein, protected thiol groups and secondary structure of protein and inhibited protein aggregates. Treated with 1.37 mM phloretin or phlorizin, O 2 − · scavenging was more than 80%, and 1 mM phloretin or phlorizin chelated 60.08% or 28.11% of Fe 2+ , respectively. Analysis of HPLC and LC-QqQ-MS shown phloretin captured MGO by forming adducts with MGO, with capture rates of 92.67% within 24 h. The capture rate of phlorizin to MGO was 56.40%. The anti-glycosylation mechanisms of them could include the structural protection of HSA, capture of MGO, O 2 − · and ·OH scavenging and chelation of Fe 2+ . These findings may provide a theoretical basis for the application of phloretin and phlorizin as novel anti-glycosylation agents.
研究领域:
生物化学
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药理学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
·
2024
·Vol. 25
·期 5
·2701
·
IF 4.9
Shizi Zhang,Yunfeng Xu,Fang Wang,Liyun Yang,Lijuan Luo,Lingyan Jiang
Anthracnose caused byColletotrichum gloeosporioidesis a destructive disease ofStylosanthes(stylo). Combination treatment of phloretin and pterostilbene (PP) has been previously shown to effectively inhibit the conidial germination and mycelial growth ofC. gloeosporioidesin vitro. In this study, the effects of PP treatment on the growth ofC. gloeosporioidesin vivo and the biocontrol mechanisms were investigated. We found that exogenous PP treatment could limit the growth ofC. gloeosporioidesand alleviate the damage of anthracnose in stylo. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that 565 genes were up-regulated and 239 genes were down-regulated upon PP treatment during the infection byC. gloeosporioides. The differentially expressed genes were mainly related to oxidative stress and chloroplast organization. Further physiological analysis revealed that application of PP afterC. gloeosporioidesinoculation significantly reduced the accumulation of O2•−level and increased the accumulation of antioxidants (glutathione, ascorbic acid and flavonoids) as well as the enzyme activity of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase. PP also reduced the decline of chlorophyll a + b and increased the content of carotenoid in response toC. gloeosporioidesinfection. These results suggest that PP treatment alleviates anthracnose by improving antioxidant capacity and reducing the damage of chloroplasts, providing insights into the biocontrol mechanisms of PP on the stylo against anthracnose.Keywords:phloretin;pterostilbene;ROS scavenging;chloroplasts;anthracnose;stylo
研究领域:
植物病理学
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分子生物学
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植物生理学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2025
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IF 8.5
Yongsong Zhang,Na Xia,Zhenzhen Ding,Jingjing Song,Yanan Zhang,Cao Li,Xuesong Huang,Zuoshan Feng
Proteins and polyphenols exhibit distinct biological activities and functional properties. A comprehensive investigation into the formation mechanisms, structures, and functional properties of protein–polyphenol complexes will deepen our understanding of their interactions and establish a theoretical foundation and technical support for development of novel functional foods and pharmaceutical products. The almond protein–phloretin (AP-PHL) covalent complex was synthesized through the covalent binding of hydroxyl radicals to phloretin (PHL), utilizing almond protein (AP) as the raw material. Ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy (UV), fluorescence spectroscopy (FS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy (RS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed to characterize the AP-PHL complex. Additionally, its properties, including emulsification characteristics and antioxidant activity, were analyzed. The results indicated that the hydrophobic groups in hydroxyl radical-treated AP relocated to a hydrophilic environment and interacted with PHL, thereby forming a stable complex. TEM results indicated that AP formed clusters within the central region of PHL. Additionally, UV and FS analyses revealed that the maximum absorption wavelength of AP-PHL shifted from 287.5 nm to 258 nm and 280 nm, respectively. As the PHL concentration increased, the fluorescence intensity gradually decreased, accompanied by a slight redshift. FTIR and RS analyses revealed that modifications in functional groups (e.g., -CH 3 , =CH 2 , C O, C C, C O) were implicated in the interaction between AP and PHL. Such structural modifications, along with other changes, enhanced the functional properties of AP-PHL, including thermal stability, water solubility, and emulsification, thereby indicating its substantial potential for applications in food and pharmaceuticals.
研究领域:
食品科学
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生物化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
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2017
·
IF 3.648
Yongqin Wei,Jin Zhang,Amjad Hussain Memon,Hao Liang
Phloretin , a dihydrochalcone flavonoid , has been associated with a wide range of biological properties such as antioxidation, antitumor , antidiabetes, skin whiting, etc. However, the instability and aqueous insolubility in its native form decreases its bioavailability and make its usage limited in clinical application. In our study, an inclusion complex of phloretin with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) that featured improved aqueous solubility and stability was prepared using a simple co-evaporation method. The inclusion complex prepared under a condition of 1:1, 50 °C, 2 h and 500 rpm showed a great enhancement of phloretin aqueous solubility of 54.08 ± 0.05 mg/mL, which was 5808 times higher than that of free phloretin in pure water at 25 °C. The results of phase solubility study and the characterization data from SEM, PXRD , FT-IR and NMR suggested that aromatic ring of one phloretin molecule was merged into the cavity of one HP-β-CD from the narrow side. The in vitro test showed that the inclusion complex still remained an approximately DPPH radical-scavenging capacity compared to the free phloretin at the same concentration. And the stability of phloretin was greatly improved after forming inclusion complex with HP-β-CD. Thus, the phloretin/HP-β-CD inclusion complex would be a promising approach in the clinical application of phloretin in the future.
研究领域:
药剂学
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生物化学
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分子生物学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Food Bioscience
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2025
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IF 5.9
Jiaqi Wen,Yijing Liao,Deming Gong,Guowen Zhang
Inhibition of xanthine oxidase (XO) activity is an effective strategy for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. However, some nutrients (such as lipids, proteins, and vitamins, etc) in the daily diet may affect the binding of enzyme inhibitors to XO. The effects of three unsaturated fatty acids (USFAs, namely oleic acid, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid) on the inhibition of XO by phloretin were investigated in the study. The results showed that USFAs significantly enhanced the inhibitory effect of phloretin on XO, primarily due to the changes in secondary structure and increased binding affinity. The order of enhancement was α-linolenic acid > oleic acid > linoleic acid. The USFAs synergistically destroyed the hydrogen bond network structure of XO with phloretin, resulting in a looser and more disordered XO structure. Moreover, phloretin formed more hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions and van der Waals forces with the amino acid residues of XO in the presence of USFAs, which eventually increased the inhibitory ability of phloretin on XO. The study may provide a new perspective for the dietary nutrition intervention of the patients with hyperuricemia and gout.
研究领域:
营养学
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生物化学
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药理学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Food & Function
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2025
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IF 5.4
Qi Gu,Litao Wang,Mingyue Xu,Wan-Mei Zhou,Guosheng Liu,Haiting Tian,Thomas Efferth,Chenlu Wang,Yujie Fu
Phloretin is a natural dihydrochalcone with a variety of biological activities. Its potential in modulating lipid metabolism in vitro and in vivo with HepG2 and C. elegans was investigated in this study. Phloretin significantly diminished lipid accumulation and ROS levels, mitigated the degree of lipid peroxidation, and ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction in HepG2 cells. The expression levels of lipid synthesis genes (SREBP and FASN) were downregulated, while PI3K-AKT related genes (AKT, FOXO, MTOR) were upregulated. Furthermore, phloretin significantly alleviated the detrimental effects of lipid accumulation on growth indices and locomotor ability in C. elegans. It also reduced lipofuscin, ROS level as well as glucose and triglyceride contents, significantly affected amino acid and lipid metabolism pathways based on metabolomics profiles and analysis. Gene expression levels of sbp-1, mdt-15, fat-5, fat-6, and fat-7 were markedly down-regulated following treatment with phloretin, while daf-16, age-1 and skn-1were significantly up-regulated. Tests with mutant C. elegans strains of daf-16, age-1, sbp-1 and nhr-49 further confirmed that the phloretin-induced decrease in lipid accumulation was attributed to the inhibition of lipid biosynthesis pathway by IIS and sbp-1/SREBP. Our study indicated that phloretin exerted hypolipidemic effects in vitro and in vivo, providing a basic foundation for considering phloretin as a phytochemical candidate for regulating lipid metabolism and preventing hyperlipidemia.
研究领域:
代谢生物学
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分子生物学
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药理学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2021
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IF 6.953
Bolin Lian,Yuanyuan Li,Qilei Yang,Lanlan Xie,Qian Zhang,Yanjie Liu,Xiuhua Zhao,Shujun Li
Phloretin loaded porous starch (Ph-PS) were prepared for its application in food. The effects of Ph-PS in vitro release and its ability against AAPH-induced oxidative stress in vivo zebrafish model were investigated. Ph-PS was prepared by absorption method, the physical and chemical characterization showed that PS decreased the crystallinity of Ph obviously. Ph-PS exhibited higher release amount and faster release rate of Ph compared to free Ph in vitro release study. What's more, the effect of Ph-PS reduced ROS generation and lipid peroxidation was better than that of free Ph in zebrafish model. These findings suggest Ph-PS is a new and simple strategy to improve dissolution rate and antioxidant ability of Ph.
研究领域:
食品科学
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生物化学
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药理学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Food Bioscience
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2025
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IF 5.9
Rong Wu,Lu Zhang,Kehong Liang,Feng Zhu,Longxin Lai,Jun Cao,Pengfei Yu,Fuliang Cao,Erzheng Su
To effectively harness and valorize the often-overlooked pruning waste from Malus plants, an eco-friendly and efficient strategy for the simultaneous extraction and in situ de-glycosylation to prepare phloretin was introduced for the first time. By designing an acidic deep eutectic solvent (DES) system and adjusting the polarity and hydrophilicity of the non-acidic component as well as the acidity of the acidic component, a significant enhancement in the extraction yield and de-glycosylation efficiency of phloretin and its glycoside derivatives was achieved. The highest phloretin content was attained using ethylene glycol (EG) - p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) (2:1), which consisted of ethylene glycol and p -toluenesulfonic acid with a molar ratio of 2:1 and 30 % water content. After treatment condition optimization, a peak phloretin content of 139.9380 ± 0.2191 μmol/g was achieved, which notably surpassed traditional organic solvent extraction methods. Furthermore, the phloretin was successfully recovered from the EG-PTSA (2:1) solution using macroporous resin adsorption method, with SP825 resin showing a recovery rate of 85.87 %. Applicability analysis confirmed that the EG-PTSA (2:1) treatment method is suitable for various Malus plant pruning wastes. As a result, this study not only offered a justification for improving the extraction and de-glycosylation efficiency through multi-dimensional modification of the acidic DES but also presented an innovative approach for utilizing Malus plant pruning waste.
研究领域:
植物化学
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环境科学
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可持续发展
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POULTRY SCIENCE
·
2025
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IF 4.2
Mokhtar Fathi,Kianoosh Zarrinkavyani,Zahra Biranvand,Morteza Aghil Al Abd
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary phloretin on broiler chickens under pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) conditions. A total of 500 one-day-old male broiler chickens were randomly allocated into five treatments with five replicate pens containing 20 birds per pen. The negative control group was reared at normal temperature and fed with basal diet while the PAH-treatments (positive control, F-200, F-400, and F-600) were exposed to low temperatures and received drinking water supplemented with excess salt to induce PAH and fed with basal diet containing 0, 200, 400, and 600 mg of phloretin per kilogram, respectively. Blood samples were collected from broilers at 42 days of age. Results showed that PAH decreased body weight gain (BWG), antioxidant capacity, immunoglobulin G (IgG), hematological indices, and cecal lactic acid bacteria population (CLBP), but increased feed intake (FI), PAH-related mortality, feed conversion ratio (FCR), PAH index, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) contents in serum (P<0.001). Among the PAH treatments, supplementary phloretin improved growth performance indices and reduced PAH index, and PAH-related mortality (P < 0.01). The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, and IgG, and IgM in serum were increased, and malondialdehyde was reduced by phloretin supplementation (P <0.01). The PAH-induced effect on contents of pro-inflammatory cytokines were reduced by dietary phloretin supplementation (P <0.01). Moreover, supplementation of diets with phloretin alleviated the adverse effect of PAH as reflected by a reduction in ALT, AST, TG, and TC (P <0.01). The red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and heterophil levels reduced by phloretin supplementation. Phloretin increased the population of CLBP . In conclusion, phloretin supplementation during PAH may mitigate PAH-associated physiological and biochemical alterations in broiler chickens.
研究领域:
动物营养学
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家禽科学
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药理学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
·
2024
·Vol. 105
·期 5
·001996
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IF 3.6
Yuting Duan,Haichuan Li,Shuai Huang,Yaoming Li,Shuyi Chen,Lilan Xie
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), an enteropathogenic coronavirus, has caused huge economic losses to the pig industry, with 100% mortality in piglets aged 2 weeks and intestinal injury in pigs of other ages. However, there is still a shortage of safe and effective anti-TGEV drugs in clinics. In this study, phloretin, a naturally occurring dihydrochalcone glycoside, was identified as a potent antagonist of TGEV. Specifically, we found phloretin effectively inhibited TGEV proliferation in PK-15 cells, dose-dependently reducing the expression of TGEV N protein, mRNA, and virus titer. The anti-TGEV activity of phloretin was furthermore refined to target the internalization and replication stages. Moreover, we also found that phloretin could decrease the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines induced by TGEV infection. In addition, we expanded the potential key targets associated with the anti-TGEV effect of phloretin to AR, CDK2, INS, ESR1, ESR2, EGFR, PGR, PPARG, PRKACA, and MAPK14 with the help of network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. Furthermore, resistant viruses have been selected by culturing TGEV with increasing concentrations of phloretin. Resistance mutations were reproducibly mapped to the residue (S242) of main protease (Mpro). Molecular docking analysis showed that the mutation (S242F) significantly disrupted phloretin binding to Mpro, suggesting Mpromight be a potent target of phloretin. In summary, our findings indicate that phloretin is a promising drug candidate for combating TGEV, which may be helpful for developing pharmacotherapies for TGEV and other coronavirus infections.
研究领域:
病毒学
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药理学
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分子生物学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Bioengineered
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2021
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IF 3.269
Na Liu,Nan Zhang,Shengrong Zhang,Lifang Zhang,Qing Liu
Oral candidiasis is one of the most common types of fungal infection caused by Candida albicans (C. albicans). The present study aims to investigate the antifungal effects of phloretin (a dihydrochalcone flavonoid) against the C. albicans pathogenicity. In this work, we treated C. albicans SC5314 with 37.28, 74.55, or 149.10 μg/mL (equivalent to 0.5×, 1× or 2× MIC) phloretin in vitro. Besides, we established a mice model of oral candidiasis by a sublingual infection of C. albicans suspension (1 × 107 colony-forming unit/mL), and mice were treated with phloretin (3.73 or 7.46 mg/mL, which were equivalent to 50× or 100× MIC) twice a day starting on day one post-infection. The results showed that the MIC of phloretin against C. albicans was 74.55 μg/mL. Phloretin exerted antifungal activity by inhibiting the biofilm formation and suppressing the yeast-to-hyphae transition upon the downregulation of hypha-associated genes including enhanced adherence to polystyrene 1, the extent of cell elongation gene 1, hyphal wall protein 1 gene, and agglutinin-like sequence gene 3. Next, phloretin repressed the secretion of proteases and phospholipases via reducing the expression of protease-encoding genes secreted aspartyl proteases (SAP)1 and SAP2, as well as phospholipase B1. Subsequently, the in vivo antifungal activity of phloretin was testified by the reverse of the enhanced lesion severity, inflammatory infiltration, and the increased colony-forming unit counts caused by C. albicans of tongue tissues in oral candidiasis mice. In conclusion, phloretin suppressed the pathogenicity and virulence factors against C. albicans both in vivo and in vitro.
研究领域:
微生物学
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药理学
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分子生物学
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传染病学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）