COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2024
·
IF 4.9
Anruo Luo,Jianhua Chen
Smithsonite is an important zinc oxide ore that is mainly recovered through flotation. Previous studies have demonstrated that fatty acid collectors, notably oleic acid, are effective in smithsonite flotation. However, the efficiency of oleic acid is substantially affected by temperature changes. Currently, there is a lack of research on low-temperature collectors for smithsonite flotation. This study aims to determine the flotation recoveries of smithsonite utilizing three novel collectors: sodium lauryl fatty acid amide, dodecyl hydroxamic acid, and 2-ethylhexyl phosphate, as well as the traditional collector, oleic acid. These reagents were examined at various temperatures, dosages, and pH levels using microflotation experiments. The findings indicate that all three of the novel collectors are efficient in recovering smithsonite. Notably, 2-ethylhexyl phosphate can achieve relatively high recovery of smithsonite at low temperatures, which sets it apart from oleic acid. Furthermore, density functional based tight binding (and more) (DFTB+) methods were utilized to disclose the adsorption mechanisms of collectors. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulations were adopted to determine why the use of 2-ethylhexyl phosphate and oleic acid as collectors had different effects on the flotation behaviors of smithsonite at different temperatures. Overall, the results significantly contribute to the understanding of smithsonite flotation at low temperatures.
研究领域:
矿物加工工程
·
理论化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2023
·
IF 5.2
Yanfei Chen,Xueyi Guo,Yuanlin Chen
In the present study, sesbania gum (SG) was introduced as a depressant to achieve the selective flotation separation of smithsonite from calcite , and the deep adsorption mechanism was systematically examined using a variety of methods, including density functional theory (DFT) calculation and a series of advanced analytical manners. Micro-flotation experiments indicated that SG strongly depressed the flotation of calcite at pH 9.5, while having little impact on the flotation of smithsonite, leading to the successful separation of the two minerals. DFT calculation predicted that SG could be adsorbed onto the calcite surface, but not onto the hydroxylated smithsonite surface in an aqueous solution system. This was supported by zeta potential tests, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) detection. As a result, the adsorption of sodium oleate (NaOL) onto the calcite surface was hindered by the pre-adsorption of SG, while the adsorption of NaOL onto the smithsonite surface was not affected. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscope (AFM) tests confirmed that SG was mainly adsorbed onto the calcite surface via physical adsorption . This finding provided a new perspective for the interaction between mineral and hydroxyl containing depressant.
研究领域:
矿物加工工程
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表面化学
·
计算化学
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DOI
高影响因子
MINERALS ENGINEERING
·
2024
·
IF 4.9
Zhengquan Zhang,Lin Zhang,Fen Jiao,Congren Yang,Qian Wei,Wenqing Qin,Chen Wang,Xiang Lin
Considering that smithsonite has a similar crystal structure to calcite, more selective collectors are required to achieve its flotation separation. In this study, a new collector, cupferron, was used for the selective flotation of smithsonite from calcite. The selective mechanism of the effect of cupferron was investigated by FTIR analysis, zeta potential experiments, adsorption measurements, and DFT studies. Results of the microflotation test showed that the flotation recovery of smithsonite was 90.45 % at pH 8.0 with 10 × 10 −4 mol/L of cupferron, whereas the flotation recovery of calcite was lower than 15.00 %. The FTIR results demonstrated that the cupferron was chemisorbed on the surface of smithsonite through a five-membered chelate ring formed with zinc atoms, whereas the adsorption on the surface of calcite was weak. The results of the zeta potential test further indicated that the cupferron was adsorbed selectively on the surface of smithsonite, whereas almost no adsorption was observed on the surface of calcite. In addition, the adsorption amount test results illustrated that the adsorption amount of cupferron on the surface of smithsonite was higher than that on the surface of calcite, which led to the difference in the flotation recovery of smithsonite and calcite under the same conditions. The results of the DFT study proved that the adsorption energy of cupferron acting on the surface of smithsonite is lower than that on the calcite surface. Moreover, the stronger covalent nature of Zn-O 2 bonds than Ca-O 2 bonds is responsible for the selective collection of smithsonite from calcite by cupferron. Therefore, cupferron can be applied as a potential collector for the flotation separation of smithsonite from calcite. Meanwhile, this study also provides a reference for the development of collectors for the flotation separation of smithsonite and calcite.
研究领域:
矿物加工工程
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材料科学与工程
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DOI
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2022
·
IF 5.518
Rongdong Deng,Yi Wang,Wenting Duan,Dingquan Xing,Yuan Hu
Smithsonite is a common oxidized zinc ore , and its recovery has gained increasing attention to meet the high demand for zinc. Current methods to concentrate oxidized zinc ores are through sulfidation flotation or “sulfidation + metal + xanthate” flotation. However, such techniques are not sufficiently efficient for treating smithsonite. In this study, Pb(NO 3 ) 2 was used to pre-treat smithsonite as a crystallization inducer, and the mechanism of lead modification was studied through micro-flotation tests, adsorption measurements, contact angle measurements, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and TOF-SIMS analysis. The micro-flotation test results showed that the recovery of smithsonite after Pb 2+ pre-treatment increased from 80.3% to 85.3%. The comprehensive results of adsorption experiments, contact angle measurements, XRD and SEM analysis indicated that Pb 2+ adsorbed on the smithsonite surface and transformed portion of smithsonite into cerussite, increasing the active sites on the mineral surface for adsorption of S ions . The newly formed PbS after sulfidation had an effect of induced crystallization on subsequently formed PbS, increasing PbS species and making the surface more effective for xanthate flotation. ToF-SIMS was used to visualize the 3D distribution of Pb 2+ and S 2- adsorption, and it further proved that pre-treatment with Pb(NO 3 ) 2 enhanced the sulfidation process of smithsonite.
研究领域:
矿物加工工程
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冶金工程
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DOI
高影响因子
Metals
·
2025
·Vol. 15
·期 7
·731
·
IF 2.5
Weiguang Zhou,Weiwei Cao,Haobin Wei,Shulan Shi,Chenwei Li,Liuyang Dong
Regulating the dissolution and interfacial behavior of minerals via external force fields is considered a promising strategy for enhancing the flotation of soluble minerals. This study explored the potential of ultrasound-assisted pulp conditioning in improving ultrafine smithsonite flotation. Specifically, we systematically evaluated the effects of ultrasonic pretreatment (UP) on the physicochemical properties of smithsonite suspensions (focusing on surface erosion behavior) and assessed subsequent flotation performance using flotation tests and modern analytical techniques. It has been found that UP can significantly modify smithsonite suspension characteristics, including particle morphology, ionic composition, electrokinetic properties, and pulp pH. Flotation results demonstrate that UP yields higher recovery compared to traditional stirring (TS) conditioning, especially at medium-to-high sodium oleate (NaOL) concentrations. Comparative analysis reveals that ultrasonic-assisted dissolution and ion-selective migration are the main factors driving improved flotation performance. Unlike TS, UP promotes greater zinc ion release, facilitates the dissolution–hydrolysis–precipitation equilibrium, generates more and finer nanoparticles in the bulk phase, and induces the deposition of hydrozincite on smithsonite surfaces. These changes increase active zinc sites for more stable NaOL adsorption, thereby enhancing the flotation of ultrafine smithsonite particles.
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DOI
高影响因子
MINERALS ENGINEERING
·
2022
·
IF 5.479
Long Wang,Weijian Lyu,Weiguang Zhou,Hao Zhang
The effective flotation separation of smithsonite and calcite has always been a thorny problem due to their relatively similar physicochemical property. Developing efficient and selective depressant is the key to address this obstacle. In this study, sodium phytate (SP) was introduced as a novel depressor for high-efficient flotation separation of smithsonite and calcite. Influences in flotation performances induced by SP and its possible underlying mechanism were thoroughly studied by various advanced detection techniques. Flotation tests indicated that calcite flotation was significantly depressed, whereas the smithsonite flotation was barely affected. Zeta potential analysis showed that SP adsorbed stronger on calcite than smithsonite. Furthermore, the SP adsorption exhibited little influence on the subsequent sodium oleate (NaOl) adsorption onto smithsonite, whereas it strongly hindered the NaOl adsorption on the calcite surface. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurement and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis further unveiled that SP weakly adsorbed on the smithsonite surface through electrostatic attraction that did not interfered the subsequent NaOl adsorption, whereas SP chemically adsorbed on the calcite surface strongly which greatly blocked the following adsorption of NaOl on the calcite surface. As a result, the calcite flotation was selectively depressed and the flotation separation of smithsonite from calcite was eventually achieved.
研究领域:
矿物加工工程
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表面化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MOLECULES
·
2024
·Vol. 29
·期 24
·6014
·
IF 4.2
Rui Li,Yanhai Shao,Jinhui Li,Chenjie Liu,Hongqin Chen,Xiao Meng,Xinru Jia
The increasing demand for zinc resources and the declining availability of sulfide zinc ore reserves have made the efficient utilization of zinc oxide a topic of considerable interest. In this study, a ternary composite collector ABN (Al-BHA-NaOL system) was applied to the direct flotation of smithsonite. Micro-flotation studies showed that at pH 9, ABN exhibited better adsorption on smithsonite, achieving a recovery rate of 80.62%. Visual MINTEQ 3.1 and zeta potential analysis confirmed that ABN predominantly reacted with Zn(OH)2(aq) on the surface of smithsonite. Furthermore, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis results elucidated the formation of Al-O bonds through chemical adsorption on the smithsonite surface. Additionally, powder contact angle measurements indicated that ABN enhances the surface contact angle of smithsonite. These results illuminate that ABN is adsorbed by reacting with O sites on hydroxylated metal ions on the smithsonite surface, with Al serving as the adsorption center, thereby achieving separation and purification. Due to ABN’s adsorption characteristics, smithsonite can achieve efficient and clean direct flotation recovery without sulfidization.
研究领域:
矿物加工工程
·
浮选化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2022
·
IF 5.518
Li Wang,Lingfeng Shen,Wei Sun,Xiangfeng Zhang,Ye Zhang,Yanhong Wang
In this study, a depressant sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) was introduced for the flotation separation of smithsonite from dolomite using mixed benzohydroxamic acid (BHA) and sodium oleate (NaOL) as the collectors. Micro-flotation experiments were conducted to investigate the flotation behavior of smithsonite and dolomite in the absence and presence of SHMP. Furthermore, the depression mechanism of the SHMP was unraveled by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, and flotation solution chemistry . The flotation results showed that the recovery of dolomite decreased from 26.63% to 2.25% when the addition of SHMP in the flotation system increased from 0 to 50 g/t, while the smithsonite recovery exhibited a slight increase from 91.05% to 93.10%, which improved the separation effect greatly. FTIR measurements and XPS analysis revealed that the SHMP was chemically adsorbed on the dolomite surface in the form of hydrophilic complexes with Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ , thus depressing adsorption of the mixed BHA/NaOL. Flotation solution chemistry analysis suggested that Zn 2+ could form ZnCO 3 on the surface of the dolomite leading to the transformation of the dolomite surface to the smithsonite surface. And SHMP could form hydrophilic complexes with Ca and Mg sites on the dolomite surface, thus depressing the adsorption of BHA/NaOL on the transformed dolomite surface.
研究领域:
矿物加工工程
·
表面化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
·
2023
·
IF 6.7
Yuanjia Luo,Leming Ou,Jianhua Chen,Guofan Zhang
Here, a systematic investigation from coordination chemistry was performed to investigate the principles met by the ammonium salt to enable it to impact the sulfidization of smithsonite. We found that during the smithsonite sulfidization with ammonium salt modification, the HS, NH 3 , and OH (H 2 O) can only be bonded to Zn on smithsonite surface by σ-bonding instead of π back-bonding, thus they were in a competitive coordination relationship on smithsonite surface. Furthermore, we found that due to the different electron-donating abilities, the stability of Zn–S, Zn–N, and Zn–O bonds was in the order of Zn–S > Zn–N > Zn–O, and the coordination ability of HS, NH 3 , and OH (H 2 O) to surface Zn was in the order of HS > NH 3 > OH (H 2 O). Moreover, we found that with ammonium salt modification, the hydration film on smithsonite surface was easily broken through, repelled, and dissolved by ammonium salt, and thus the sulfidization pathway made a change, which greatly reduced the adsorption energy. However, the final sulfidization product remained unchanged. Therefore, ammonium salt only accelerated the sulfidization rate of smithsonite as a catalyst role to strengthen sulfidization. XPS and ICP tests further supplemented experimental support. This work is instructive for the modifier strengthening sulfidization of oxide ore.
研究领域:
矿物学
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配位化学
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材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2022
·
IF 9.136
Yuanlin Chen,Xueyi Guo,Yanfei Chen
The flotation separation of smithsonite from calcite is challenging due to their highly similar surface properties. In this study, phytic acid (PA) was applied as a depressant to achieve the flotation separation of smithsonite from calcite for the first time. Micro-flotation experiments indicated that PA showed a strong depressing effect on calcite flotation while a slight effect on smithsonite at pH 9.5. Smithsonite and calcite could be well separated by flotation in the presence of PA and with sodium oleate (NaOL) as collector. Based on a series of tests including zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the selective depressing mechanism of PA was well investigated and explained. It was found that the selective depressing performances of PA on smithsonite and calcite flotation were mainly attributed to the selective adsorption of PA based on the different active sites on minerals surfaces. As for calcite, a high adsorption degree of PA caused by strong reaction with the active Ca + sites exposed on calcite surface inhibited the subsequent adsorption of NaOL. On contrast, the much less PA adsorption occurred on smithsonite surface hardly affected the further adsorption of NaOL. The adsorbed aggregates layer covering on PA-treated calcite surface was also visually observed by atomic force microscope. These findings confirm the excellent selective depressing effect of PA on flotation separation of smithsonite and calcite, providing theoretical and practical reference for the clean flotation of smithsonite.
研究领域:
矿物加工工程
·
表面化学
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DOI
高影响因子
POWDER TECHNOLOGY
·
2019
·
IF 3.413
Cheng Liu,Wencai Zhang,Shaoxian Song,Hongqiang Li,Yong Liu
The effect of depressant 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTCA) on the flotation separation of smithsonite from calcite was studied by micro-flotation and electro-kinetic tests. The micro-flotation results showed that good floatability of both smithsonite and calcite were achieved in the presence of sodium oleate. The depressant PBTCA selectively depressed calcite without interfering the floatability of smithsonite. The mixed minerals flotation results showed that efficiency separation of smithsonite from calcite was achieved using PBTCA as the depressant. Zeta potential measurements indicated that NaOl was able to adsorb on the PBTCA pre-treated smithsonite surface, but failed to adsorb on the PBTCA pre-treated calcite surface.
研究领域:
矿物加工
·
浮选化学
·
表面化学
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DOI
高影响因子
MINERALS ENGINEERING
·
2018
·
IF 2.707
Yanfei Chen,Guofan Zhang,Mengtao Wang,Qing Shi,Dezhi Liu,Qi Li
Sulphidisation xanthate flotation is a common process in dealing with zinc oxide minerals and sulphidisation is the key procedure in the zinc mineral recovery. In this study, the effect of Ca 2+ on the sulphidisation flotation of smithsonite was investigated by flotation tests. The results show that the presence of Ca 2+ impairs the sulphidisation flotation of smithsonite. Adsorption studies and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis illustrate that at pH 9.5, where the sulphidisation process is routinely performed, the positively charged Ca(OH) 2(s) , Ca(OH) 2(s) , and CaOH + produced due to hydrolysis and precipitation of Ca 2+ will preferentially adsorb onto smithsonite surface, preventing the adsorption of sulfur ions. Thus, the insufficient sulphidisation on smithsonite surface cannot promote the mineral flotation performance. Interestingly, sodium carbonate can eliminate adverse effect of Ca 2+ by charge reversal. For its reactivity with Ca 2+ , the formation of negatively charged calcium carbonate ceases the adsorption of calcium onto smithsonite surface as a consequence of electrostatic repulsion. As thus, the sulphidisation flotation of smithsonite is regained.
研究领域:
矿物加工工程
·
化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）