FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
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2023
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IF 8.1
Dongyin Liu,Jingtao Cui,Ruibing Zhou,Chen He,Jun Cao,Chuan Li
Triacylglycerols (TAG) are differences in fatty acid distributions between infant formula and human milk. In this study, fish oil (Tilapia, Golden pompano, Tiger grouper, and Basa) showed the potential as the source of human milk fat substitutes by comparing TAG profiles with infant formula and human milk. The total lipids and TAG of fish were concentrated in the by-products of fish (head and viscera) and contained high levels of palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. Compared with infant formula, fish oil was closer to human milk in sn -2 fatty acid distribution, and sn -2 palmitic acid level in fish oil exceeded 52 % of total palmitic acid, Golden pompano head was the highest (64.46 %). Further research showed that the content of sn -2 palmitoyl TAG (OPO and OPL dominated) increased from 157.16 mg/g TAG to 305.18 mg/g TAG by isopropanol enrichment (solid–liquid ratio: 1:4, temperature: −12 °C, time: 4 h).
研究领域:
食品科学
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营养学
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生物化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Nutrients
·
2023
·Vol. 15
·期 23
·4929
·
IF 5.9
Lin Zhu,Shuaizhen Fang,Hong Zhang,Xiangjun Sun,Puyu Yang,Jianchun Wan,Yaqiong Zhang,Weiying Lu,Liangli Yu
In this study, the impact ofsn-2 palmitic triacyclglycerols (TAGs) in combination with their ratio of two major TAGs (1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol (OPL) to 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (OPO)) in human milk fat substitute (HMFS) on bile acid (BA) metabolism and intestinal microbiota composition was investigated in newly-weaned Sprague–Dawley rats after four weeks of high-fat feeding. Compared to those of control group rats, HMFS-fed rats had significantly increased contents of six hepatic primary BAs (CDCA, αMCA, βMCA, TCDCA, TαMCA and TβMCA), four ileal primary BAs (UDCA, TCA, TCDCA and TUDCA) and three secondary BAs (DCA, LCA and ωMCA), especially for the HMFS with the highestsn-2 palmitic acid TAGs of 57.9% and OPL to OPO ratio of 1.4. Meanwhile, the inhibition of ileal FXR-FGF15 and activation of TGR5-GLP-1 signaling pathways in HMFS-fed rats were accompanied by the increased levels of enzymes involved in BA synthesis (CYP7A1, CYP27A1 and CYP7B1) in the liver and two key thermogenic proteins (PGC1α and UCP1) in perirenal adipose tissue, respectively. Moreover, increasingsn-2 palmitic TAGs and OPL to OPO ratio in HMFS also altered the microbiota composition both on the phylum and genus level in rats, predominantly microbes associated with bile-salt hydrolase activity, short-chain fatty acid production and reduced obesity risk, which suggested a beneficial effect on host microbial ecosystem. These observations provided important nutritional evidence for developing new HMFS products for infants.Keywords:sn-2 palmitic triacylglycerols;human milk fat substitute;BA metabolism;FXR;TGR5;gut microbiota
研究领域:
营养学
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微生物学
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代谢学
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分子生物学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Food & Function
·
2023
·Vol. 14
·期 16
·7574-7585
·
IF 6.1
Lin Zhu,Shuaizhen Fang,Wenwen Liu,Hong Zhang,Yaqiong Zhang,Zhuohong Xie,Puyu Yang,Jianchun Wan,Boyan Gao,Liangli (Lucy) Yu
In this study, the effect of sn-2 palmitic triacylglycerols (sn-2 palmitic TAGs) and the ratio between the two major sn-2 palmitic TAGs (OPL to OPO ratio) in a human milk fat substitute (HMFS) on growth, fatty acid and calcium absorptions, and lipid and bile acid metabolic alterations was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. After 4 weeks of high-fat feeding, rats fed with the HMFS containing a sn-2 palmitic acid content of 57.87% and an OPL to OPO ratio of 1.4 showed the lowest TAG accumulation in their livers and hypertrophy of perirenal adipocytes, compared to the groups fed with fats containing a lower sn-2 palmitic acid content or a lower OPL to OPO ratio. Meanwhile, synergistically improved absorption of fatty acids and calcium and increased levels of total bile acids (BAs), especially for the tauro-conjugated BAs (TCDCA, TUDCA, TαMCA, TβMCA, TDCA and TωMCA), were observed in rats by both increasing the sn-2 palmitic acid content and the OPL to OPO ratio in HMFS. In addition, the levels of total BAs and tauro-conjugated BAs were negatively correlated with serum TAG, TC, and LDL-c levels and positively correlated with HDL-c levels according to Spearman's correlation analysis (P < 0.05). Collectively, these findings present new nutritional evidence for the potential effects of the TAG structure and composition of a human milk fat substitute on the growth and lipid and bile acid metabolism of the host in infancy.
研究领域:
营养学
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分子生物学
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儿科医学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2020
·
IF 4.192
Niu Zhang,Jun-Peng Zeng,Yan-Ping Wu,Meng Wei,Hong Zhang,Liufeng Zheng,Ze-Yuan Deng,Jing Li
The digestion and absorption of different structural lipids in human milk may be different. Hence, by simulating in vitro infant digestion and Caco-2 cells to explore the effects of 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol (OPL)/1,3-dilinoleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (LPL)/1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (OPO) and their mixtures (M) (OPL/LPL/OPO in M1, M2, and M3 were 1.5/0.5/1, 1.2/1.2/1, and 0.5/0.2/1, respectively) on digestion and absorption. The digestibility of the OPO group was higher than those of the OPL and LPL groups, and the M3 group was higher than the M1 and M2 groups. The synthesis and transport of triglycerides in Caco-2 cells in OPL and LPL groups were higher than the OPO group, and the M1 group was significantly higher than that of M3. The expression of FABP1, PPARα, and MTT protein in OPL and M1 groups was significantly higher than OPO and M3, respectively. There are differences in the digestion and absorption of differently structured lipids from this study.
研究领域:
营养学
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生物化学
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儿科
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
·
2025
·
IF 8
Yanchen Liu,Ning Wang,Guangqing Mu,Yajuan Zhou,De Qiong,Yongzhu Cuomu,Baima Ciren,Xuemei Zhu
Preterm birth (<37 weeks) is a major global health challenge, and optimal nutrition is critical for reducing growth restriction, metabolic disorders, and impaired neurodevelopment. Human milk (HM) provides unique lipid structures, notably sn-2 palmitic acid-enriched triacylglycerols (TAGs), which promote efficient fat absorption and physiological development. However, most commercial preterm infant formulas (IFs) lack these structural features due to reliance on vegetable oils. This study compared lipidomic profiles of commercial IFs with preterm HM, focusing on fatty acid composition, sn-2 fatty acid distribution, TAG species, and phospholipids. A linear programming model was applied to coordinately optimize multiple lipid dimensions and design an optimized formula (DF), enriched in OPO and OPL, with higher sn-2 palmitic acid and lower OOO and OPP compared with IFs. Validation in a preterm rat model showed that DF improved body growth, intestinal villus development, and liver–kidney maturation relative to IF. DF also reduced visceral fat accumulation, improved lipid distribution, and alleviated hepatic burden. Serum analysis indicated lower triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), elevated insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and growth hormone, and preserved liver function. Digestive product analysis further revealed enhanced retention of polyunsaturated fatty acids at the sn-2 position as 2-monoacylglycerols, promoting absorption while reducing fecal saturated fatty acid–calcium soaps. These findings demonstrate that multidimensional structural lipid optimization, particularly enrichment of sn-2 palmitic acid and HM-like TAGs, represents a promising approach for next-generation preterm formulas to better align with HM and support metabolic health in preterm infants.
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DOI
高影响因子
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