Energy Technology
·
2020
·Vol. 8
·期 5
·1901171
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IF 3.404
Pengqiang Yuan,Jihuai Wu,Weihai Sun,Qianjin Zhu,Mingjing Zhang,Jinjun Zou,Xiaobing Wang,Xuping Liu,Yuqian Yang,Zhang Lan
The p-type dopant of spiro-OMeTAD has been identified as a rational strategy for the enhancement of the hole transport ability in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, to enhance the conductivity and hole-extraction ability of spiro-OMeTAD, a low-cost and facile method is developed by introducing iodine into the hole transport materials. Morphology observation, energy gap characterization, and photoelectrochemical measurements indicate that as a mild Lewis acid, oxidant, and p-type dopant, iodine moderately oxidizes spiro-OMeTAD, optimizes the energy match with perovskite, mitigates the trap state density, interface resistance, and carrier recombination, and improves the hole-extraction ability and carrier transport capacity. Consequently, a planar PSC based on the spiro-OMeTAD doped with 8 wt% iodine achieves a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.69%. Conversely, the device with pristine spiro-OMeTAD gets an efficiency of 18.04%. This work indicates a potential application of iodine as a promising p-type dopant for spiro-OMeTAD in PSCs.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源科学
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光伏技术
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS
·
2021
·
IF 4.724
Qi Chen,Jihuai Wu,Xiaobing Wang,Yuqian Yang,Yitian Du,Ziruo Li,Xinpeng Zhang,Zeyu Zhang,Weichun Pan,Weihai Sun
Hole transport layer is one of the primary factors that improve the optical-electric properties of perovskite solar cells. Spiro-OMeTAD is frequently utilized as hole transport materials in PSCs. However, pristine or oxygen oxidized spiro-OMeTAD has low mobility and conductivity. Herein, cumene hydroperoxide is introduced to accelerate the oxidation of spiro-OMeTAD, which improves the carrier mobility, declines the trap-state density and optimizes the energy match with perovskite layer, leading to the enhancement of the performance of device. Kelvin probe force microscopy images and Atomic force microscopy images show the improvement of interface morphology. Multiple electrochemical characterizations demonstrate the acceleration of spiro-OMeTAD oxidation, the enhancement of conductivity of the doped hole transport material, and the decline of trap-state density and carrier annihilation in hole transport layer/perovskite interface after the modification. The perovskite solar cell doped with optimal concentration acquires a power conversion efficiency of 20.33%, while the undoped device gets an efficiency of 18.00%.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Energy Materials
·
2019
·
IF 0
Yuqian Yang,Jihuai Wu,Xuping Liu,Qiyao Guo,Xiaobing Wang,Lin Liu,Yong Ding,Songyuan Dai,Jeng-Yu Lin
Hole-transport layer (HTL) plays a crucial role in the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In order to improve the function property of HTLs, we first use potassium permanganate (KMnO4) as a dopant for the oxidization of 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-p-dimethoxyphenylamino)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD). The reaction between KMnO4 and spiro-OMeTAD produces the oxidized-state spiro-OMeTAD, which enhances the conductivity and adjusts the energy level of HTL. The dual functions of KMnO4 dopant bring high photovoltaic performance of the devices. The planar PSC based on photoactive layer of mixed-cation–anion perovskite and hole-transport layer of spiro-OMeTAD doped with 1.0 mol % KMnO4 achieves a power conversion efficiency of 20.03%. Meanwhile, the hysteresis effect of the device is greatly suppressed. The simple and low-cost processing and significant performance improvement render this method promising.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源技术
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光电转换
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产品关联
DOI
ChemSusChem
·
2017
·Vol. 10
·期 15
·3098-3104
·
IF 7.226
Qiuju Liu,Lisheng Fan,Qin'e Zhang,An'an Zhou,Baozeng Wang,Hua Bai,Qingyong Tian,Bin Fan,Tongyi Zhang
Graphical That′s so dope ! A low-cost and easy-fabrication technique is developed to enhance the conductivity and hole-extraction ability of spiro-OMeTAD by doping it with commercially available benzoyl peroxide (BPO). The BPO-doped spiro-OMeTAD layer shows high conductivity and is an efficient hole-extraction material for CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 , thus greatly enhancing the charge transfer and the power conversion efficiency of the device. Although organic small molecule spiro-OMeTAD is widely used as a hole-transport material in perovskite solar cells, its limited electric conductivity poses a bottleneck in the efficiency improvement of perovskite solar cells. Here, a low-cost and easy-fabrication technique is developed to enhance the conductivity and hole-extraction ability of spiro-OMeTAD by doping it with commercially available benzoyl peroxide (BPO). The experimental results show that the conductivity increases several orders of magnitude, from 6.2×10 −6 S cm −1 for the pristine spiro-OMeTAD to 1.1×10 −3 S cm −1 at 5 % BPO doping and to 2.4×10 −2 S cm −1 at 15 % BPO doping, which considerably outperform the conductivity of 4.62×10 −4 S cm −1 for the currently used oxygen-doped spiro-OMeTAD. The fluorescence spectra suggest that the BPO-doped spiro-OMeTAD–OMeTAD layer is able to efficiently extract holes from CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 and thus greatly enhances the charge transfer. The BPO-doped spiro-OMeTAD is used in the fabrication of perovskite solar cells, which exhibit enhancement in the power conversion efficiency.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源技术
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS
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2014
·
IF 2.613
Yoshiaki Oda,Heping Shen,Lin Zhao,Jianbao Li,Mitsumasa Iwamoto,Hong Lin
An environmentally friendly solid-state quantum dot sensitized solar cell (ss-QDSSC) was prepared by combining colloidal SnS QDs as the sensitizer and organic hole scavenger spiro-OMeTAD (2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis-(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)9,9′-spirobifluorene) as the solid-state electrolyte, and the energy alignment of SnS and TiO2 was investigated. The bandgap of colloidal SnS QDs increased with decreasing particle size from 14 to 4 nm due to an upshift of the conduction band and a downshift of the valence band. In TiO2/SnS heterojunctions, the conduction band minimum (CBM) difference between TiO2 and SnS was as large as ∼0.8 eV; this difference decreased with decreasing particle size, but was sufficient for electron injection from SnS nanoparticles of any size into TiO2. Meanwhile, the sensitizer regeneration driving force, that is, the difference between the valence band maximum (VBM) of SnS and the work function of the electrolyte, showed an opposite behaviour with the SnS size due to a downward shift of the SnS VB. Consequently, smaller SnS QDs should result in a more efficient charge transfer in heterojunctions, revealing the advantages of QDs vs larger particles as sensitizers. This prediction was confirmed by the improved photovoltaic performance of ss-QDSSCs modified with SnS nanoparticles, which peaked for 5–6 nm sized SnS nanoparticles due to the balance between electron injection and sunlight absorption.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
·
2020
·
IF 6.984
Jianxing Xia,Junsheng Luo,Hua Yang,Zhongquan Wan,Haseeb Ashraf Malik,Yu Shi,Xiaojun Yao,Chunyang Jia
The major obstacles delaying the commercialization of thin film solar cells based on hybrid organic halide perovskite are the expensive materials, instability of the devices and the complicated multi-step fabrication process. To solve these challenges, we present a simple and high material utilization strategy which employing the polyethyleneimine (PEI) interface abduction to in-situ fabricate perovskite layer and hole transporting layer (HTL) from MAPbI 3 and Spiro-OMeTAD (SPI) mixed precursors in single step. Analyzation find that the in-situ phase separation is induced by the PEI abduction. The existence of PEI blocks SPI form Ti–O bond with bottom TiO 2 surface and converting the interaction between SPI and bottom interface to Van der Waals interaction . Employing this fabrication technique for PSCs, remarkably improves materials utilization of perovskite and SPI, as well as exhibiting superior stability of about 95% initial efficiency even after 68 days of storage in ambient condition without encapsulation. We believe that our strategy will pave a new way for simple, economical and stable PSCs preparation, and provide an inspiration to simplify fabrication process for organic-inorganic electronic devices.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源技术
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光伏器件
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2022
·
IF 5.532
Nan Jiang,Zicheng Zheng,Chao Qin,Rong Liang,Zengyuan Li,Zhizhen Ye,Liping Zhu
Paintable carbon-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are of tremendous attention due to their structural stability and low fabrication cost. However, the poor interfacial contact and unsatisfied energy band alignment between carbon and perovskite lead to relatively low efficiency of carbon-based perovskite solar cells. Herein, we employed a multi-functional holes transfer layer, a dopant-free Spiro-OMeTAD composited with CNTs (CNTs-spiro), to bridge the interface between carbon and perovskite and optimize the energy band alignment in carbon-based PSCs. The power conversion efficiency of the PSCs with the CNTs-spiro layer (10.45%) has an enhancement of 17.51% compared with the PSC without the CNTs-spiro layer (8.62%). Our non-encapsulated devices showed excellent stability under light, air, or ambient conditions. The CNTs-spiro composition may be a promising hole transfer material for PSCs with high efficiency and high stability.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
可再生能源
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纳米技术
·
太阳能电池
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2022
·
IF 6.371
Lei Zhang,Bingquan Han,Zhiyuan Liu,Yuxin Yao,Lingbo Xu,Peng Wang,Ping Lin,Xiaoping Wu,Xuegong Yu,Can Cui
CsPbI 3 all-inorganic perovskite has now drawn much attention due to its superior thermal stability compared with the organic-inorganic hybrid counterparts. Despite the great progress achieved recently in this field, CsPbI 3 still suffers from low phase stability when exposed to moisture. We found the phase transition of CsPbI 3 would be accelerated after depositing the conventional hole transport material (HTM) 2,2′,7,7′-Tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]− 9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD). This is attributed to the negative effects of the additives in spiro-OMeTAD HTM: the hydrolysis of lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), the corrosivity of 4-tert-butylpyridine (TBP), and the evaporation of TBP. By slightly modifying the additive content, full coordination between LiTFSI and TBP could be achieved and the negative effects mentioned above could be mitigated. Furthermore, tris(2-(1 H-pyrazol-1-yl)− 4-tert-butylpyridine)cobalt(III)-tris(bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) (Co(III)TFSI) was added to promote oxidation of spiro-OMeTAD HTM in inert environment. With these approaches of additive engineering, HTMs with better interface contact and charge transport capability could be obtained. The device with optimized spiro-OMeTAD HTM achieved a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.61% compared with 6.63% of the control one. Moreover, the optimal device maintained 81% of its initial PCE after storage for 30 days, exceeding that (68%) of the control one. Our results highlight the importance of spiro-OMeTAD HTM on the stability of CsPbI 3 all-inorganic perovskite and provide a facile and feasible way to increase the stability and performance of corresponding solar cells.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Energy Chemistry
·
2024
·
IF 14
Peng Wang,Shafidah Shafian,Feng Qiu,Xiao Zhang,Yuping Zhao,Bin Wu,Kyungkon Kim,Yong Hua,Lin Xie
2,2′,7,7′-Tetrakis( N , N -di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (Spiro) is an essential hole-transport material used in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the redox reaction of Spiro and its impact at the interface with the metal electrode are not yet fully understood. In this study, we introduced a crystalline additive (CA) to regulate the redox process of Spiro and its interface with an Ag electrode. Our findings indicate that CA functions as a molecular scaffold, improving the crystallinity and stability of radicals in Spiro throughout the entire redox reaction. This enhancement increases the hole mobility of Spiro and strengthens the internal electric field, thereby improving hole extraction and transport efficiency at both interfaces. Moreover, the optimized redox reaction of Spiro reduces energy loss at the Ag electrode, significantly boosting the power conversion efficiency to 25.21%. Furthermore, CA mitigates the aggregation of lithium salt and enhances the stability of the device. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of hole-transport mechanisms of Spiro and emphasize the importance of reducing energy loss at the Spiro/Ag electrode interface in PSCs.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源研究
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Zijun Yi,Long Zhang,Fang Ding,Xuehong Ren
The Spiro-OMeTAD is one of the most widely used hole transport materials in highly efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs), whose performance typically relies on dopants such as lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and 4-tert-butylpyridine (TBP) to enhance conductivity and hole transport efficiency. However, these conventional dopants suffer from high volatility and hygroscopicity, severely limiting the long-term stability and commercialization potential of PSCs. To solve this problem, this work developed a novel dopant 4-isopropyl-4′-methyldiphenyl iodide tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate (IMT) as a substitute for LiTFSI and TBP for synergistic doping regulation of Spiro-OMeTAD. It was revealed that IMT possessed a well-delocalized electronic structure and appropriately aligned energy levels, which effectively promoted the oxidation of Spiro-OMeTAD, thereby enhancing its electrical conductivity and hole mobility. Additionally, the incorporation of IMT improved the hydrophobicity and compactness of the Spiro-OMeTAD film, effectively mitigating moisture penetration and suppressing interfacial ion migration. The rigid and flexible PSCs based on IMT doping exhibited excellent optoelectronic performance, with the champion power conversion efficiencies reaching 24.97 % and 23.15 %, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of conventional devices using LiTFSI and TBP as dopants. More importantly, the introduction of IMT effectively improved the environmental stability of perovskite devices, enabling them to maintain high-efficiency output under high humidity, high temperature and long-term illumination conditions. This work proposes a new doping strategy for efficient, stable and LiTFSI/TBP-independent PSCs, and provides a theoretical and practical basis for the molecular design of hole transport materials.
研究领域:
光伏技术
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材料科学
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能源材料
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半导体器件
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Solar RRL
·
2023
·Vol. 7
·期 24
·2300701
·
IF 7.9
Yingying Deng,Chen Dong,Yuhao Song,Miaosen Yao,Wanlong Wang,Junjie Tong,Gentian Yue,Weifeng Zhang,Furui Tan
Hole-transporting layer (HTL) plays a critical role in determining the device performance of carbon-electrode-based perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs). However, the use of best-performing organic HTL (such as 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis (N, N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene [Spiro-OMeTAD] or poly(3-hexylthiophene) [P3HT]) for efficient and stable C-PSCs remains challenging due to the hygroscopic additives, unfavorable band alignments, and corrosive carbon pastes. Herein, the additive-free Spiro-OMeTAD/P3HT composite (denoted as Spiro@P3HT) is employed as HTL to construct the fully ambient solution-processed C-PSCs, and NiO x is used as top HTL/buffer layer that protects P3HT from being corroded by carbon pastes. As compared to pristine P3HT, the incorporation of Spiro-OMeTAD not only smooths the HTL morphology, but also shifts down the highest occupied molecular orbital level, thus forming a more energy-favorable cascade that maximizes hole extraction at the perovskite/HTL interface and minimizes recombination loss. Consequently, the target C-PSCs with optimal Spiro@P3HT composite HTL achieve a champion efficiency of 19%. More importantly, benefiting from the self-sealing protection of hydrophobic Spiro@P3HT HTL and carbon electrode, the target C-PSCs exhibit no noticeable performance degradation after storage in ambient air for 1440 h and continuous operation under illumination for 350 h. In this work, a facile way is provided to develop robust and efficient additive-free HTL toward fully solution-processing high-performance C-PSCs.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2022
·
IF 10.383
Jihong Zheng,Fumin Li,Chong Chen,Qing Du,Mengqi Jin,Huilin Li,Mingxing Ji,Zhitao Shen
2,2′,7,7′-Tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD), the most widely used hole transport material in high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs), still has serious defects, such as moisture absorption and poor long-term conductivity, which seriously restrict further improvement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of the cell. Herein, to overcome these problems, inorganic salt PbSO4(PbO)4 quantum dots (QDs) are incorporated into spiro-OMeTAD as the hole transport layer (HTL) for the first time. The incorporated PbSO4(PbO)4 QDs significantly hinder the agglomeration of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)-imide and improve the long-term conductivity through the oxidative interaction between PbSO4(PbO)4 QDs and spiro-OMeTAD and hydrophobicity of the HTL. Furthermore, the spiro-OMeTAD:PbSO4(PbO)4 composite film can effectively passivate perovskite defects at the perovskite/HTL interface, resulting in suppressed interfacial recombination. As a result, the PSC based on the spiro-OMeTAD:PbSO4(PbO)4 HTL shows an improved PCE of 22.66%, which is much higher than that (18.89%) of the control device. PbSO4(PbO)4 also significantly improves the moisture stability for 50 days at room temperature (at RH ∼ 40–50%) without encapsulation. This work indicates that inorganic PbSO4(PbO)4 QDs are crucial materials that can be employed as an additive in spiro-OMeTAD to enhance the efficiency and stability of PSCs.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）