JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
·
2020
·
IF 5.647
Xingwen Lu,Ren Zhong,Yuxin Liu,Zhe Li,Jiani Yang,Fei Wang
Struvite precipitated from wastewaters is an important fertilizer. However, struvite derived from wastewater usually contains toxic Pb, which can bring contamination to soil and even plants. Thus, understanding the incorporation mechanisms of Pb 2+ during struvite precipitation is critical to its safe application. Here the influence of Pb concentration on struvite precipitation was assessed. When the initial Pb concentrations were at the range of 0.1–1 mg/L, the formation of pitting and roughening on struvite crystal surfaces was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), indicating a surface interaction between Pb and struvite. Combined with X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), the results confirmed that the formed Pb-enriched layer with Pb–OH and Pb-PO 4 bonds was absorbed on struvite surface during precipitation. When Pb concentrations were increased to 10–100 mg/L, the precipitation of dominating Pb phase, crystalline Pb 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 , was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Combined with XPS, the amorphous Pb hydroxide/phosphate and Mg phosphate were also detected in struvite solids. Our findings revealed that at low concentrations (0.1–1 mg/L), Pb can affect the mineral surface by surface absorption, whereas Pb precipitated as separated phase(s) (e.g. Pb 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 , Pb hydroxide and/or phosphate) at high Pb concentrations (10–100 mg/L). Thus, the initial Pb 2+ concentrations in wastewater will dictate final struvite contents and Pb-bearing phases in recovered solids.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
化学
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PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
·
2025
·
IF 8.4
Ruixing Wang,Siyuan Bian,Bao Zhang,Lengfeng Yan,Linjun Feng,Jing Bai
Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) has garnered increasing attention in the realm of building materials. Among them, urease microorganisms have been extensively investigated due to their favorable attributes, including facile reaction control, heightened mineralization efficiency, and straightforward microorganism cultivation. Nevertheless, the presence of ammonia byproducts throughout the reaction process significantly restricted its extensive utilization. This work employed the application of microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology to modify the surface of cement-based materials in a solution environment. Simultaneously, the generation of struvite (MgNH 4 PO 4 •6H 2 O) was induced to eliminate ammonia byproducts and improve the cementitious ability of the film layer. The potential synergistic impact between calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) and struvite was observed, resulting in the production of a composite film with enhanced performance. Furthermore, the elimination efficacy of ammonia byproducts was found to exceed 90% after a treatment duration of 96 h.
研究领域:
土木工程
·
微生物学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMOSPHERE
·
2023
·
IF 8.8
Xingwen Lu,Jiating Li,Wang Xu,Zenghua Qi,Fei Wang
During the struvite recovery process, Cd, a hazardous metal commonly found in waste streams, can be sequestered by struvite. This study investigated the influence of Cd 2+ on the precipitation of struvite. Quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD) results showed that the purity of struvite decreased from 99.1% to 73.6% as Cd concentration increased from 1 to 500 μM. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a roughened surface of struvite, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that the peak area ratio of Cd–OH increased from 19.4% to 51.3%, while the area ratio of Cd-PO 4 decreased from 86.6% to 48.7% as Cd concentrations increased from 10 to 500 μM. The findings suggested that Cd 2+ disrupted the crystal growth of struvite, and mainly combined with –OH and -PO 4 to form amorphous Cd-bearing compounds co-precipitated with struvite. Additionally, Mg-containing amorphous phases were formed by incorporating Mg 2+ with –OH and -PO 4 during struvite formation.
研究领域:
环境科学
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化学
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PubMed
高影响因子
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
·
2020
·
IF 6.551
Xingwen Lu,Zebiao Huang,Zhihong Liang,Zhe Li,Jiani Yang,Yujie Wang,Fei Wang
Struvite recovered from wastewater can be used as a slow-release fertilizer. Nevertheless, hazardous metals easily precipitated with struvite would increase the ecological risk for its agricultural use. In this study, the influence of individual and coexistence of Cu and Zn on the precipitation of struvite was investigated. The loading of Cu and/or Zn in precipitates increased with the increase of initial metal concentrations (0.1–100 mg/L). Quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD) analysis revealed that the increase of Cu and/or Zn level in reaction solution disturbed crystal growth of struvite and promoted the formation of amorphous phase(s). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the pit formation on struvite crystal surfaces, combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data, the results indicated a surface interaction for the formation of Cu-OH and Cu-NH 3 on struvite surface at Cu of 0.1–10 mg/L. With the increase of Cu to 25–100 mg/L, the precipitation of amorphous Cu phosphate(s) was confirmed by XPS and QXRD. At Zn of 0.1–10 mg/L, the enrichment of Zn-PO 4 and Zn-OH on struvite surface was observed, whereas, the precipitation of amorphous Zn hydroxide(s) was confirmed at Zn of 25–100 mg/L. At Cu and Zn co-existed solution, the decrease of Cu-PO 4 and increase of Zn-PO 4 suggested the competitive binding of PO 4 between Cu and Zn. In addition, the formation of amorphous Mg hydroxide(s) and phosphate(s) was detected regardless of the addition of Cu in solutions. The overall results revealed that the existence of Cu and Zn during struvite formation can greatly affect its content by formation of different metal-containing products.
研究领域:
环境科学
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化学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2025
·
IF 3.9
Wenwen Nie,Shuoshuo Zhu,Xueke Wang,Zhaochen Yan,Weiqi Xu,Dongyang Shao,Haiying Tang,Changsong Wang
As a strategic element, efficient extraction technology for cesium holds significant importance. This study investigates the reaction process between Cs+ and struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O). Fitting reveals that this reaction follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, while the thermodynamic equilibrium process adheres to the Temkin isothermal model (R2 = 0.990). The thermodynamic parameter ΔG° < 0 indicates a spontaneous entropy-increasing reaction process. By combining the characterization of intermediate products M1–M4 and reaction evolution analysis, the reaction mechanism between struvite and Cs+ is intuitively demonstrated. The reaction mechanism is proposed as follows: macroscopically, it manifests as an ion exchange process with chemical adsorption characteristics; microscopically, it involves dissolution and recrystallization. This finding provides theoretical support for process design in Cs+ adsorption by struvite.
研究领域:
环境化学
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放射化学
·
材料科学
·
吸附科学
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DOI
高影响因子
Chemical Engineering Journal Advances
·
2026
·
IF 6.9
Quang Nhat Tran,Hau Minh Truong-Huynh,Dat Anh Nguyen,Lan Chi Le,Tich Nhan Vu Tri,Thanh Tan Phan,Thanh Uyen Do Nguyen,Hai Son Truong-Lam
Concentrated brine generated during desalination and enriched with dissolved ions is an environmental concern and a valuable resource for recovery. In this study, an integrated strategy combining hydrate-based desalination (HBD) with ion recovery and subsequent struvite synthesis was developed using mineral-rich brine derived from representative saline matrices, including seawater and saline water collected from the Mekong Delta. HBD achieved a brine recovery of ∼30%, with enrichment factors ranging from 1.2 to 1.4 for major ions, this indicated effective ion concentration and significant potential of this process for resource valorization, particularly magnesium (Mg). The Mg 2+ -rich saline stream was further purified to remove coexisting impurities, particularly Ca 2+ , via ethanol-assisted solvent crystallization. The recovered Mg was subsequently used for struvite (MgNH 4 PO 4 .6H 2 O) synthesis via chemical precipitation method. Under optimized conditions (pH ∼ 8 and reaction time of 60 min), struvite was obtained with a recovery efficiency exceeding 90%. Comprehensive physicochemical characterization confirmed the formation of struvite with the desired stoichiometric composition and high purity (>85%). These findings demonstrate the feasibility of transforming hydrate desalination brine from a waste by-product into a value-added agricultural resource, contributing to sustainable desalination and circular resource management in saline-affected regions.
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高影响因子
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
·
2022
·
IF 10.753
Xingwen Lu,Wang Xu,Qinghuai Zeng,Weizhen Liu,Fei Wang
Struvite precipitation is a promising strategy for the simultaneous recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus from waste streams. However, waste streams typically contain high amounts of metal contaminants, including Ni, which can be easily sequestered by struvite, but the behavior of Ni during struvite precipitation remains unclear. Thus, this study investigates the influence of Ni concentrations on struvite precipitation. The quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD) results revealed that the purity of struvite decreased from 96.6 to 41.1% with the Ni concentrations increased from 0.1–100 mg·L −1 . At lower Ni concentrations of 0.1–1 mg·L −1 , scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a roughened surface of struvite crystal, and this was combined with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) data that indicated a stack of Ni-OH and Ni-PO 4 on struvite surface. At Ni concentrations of 10–25 mg·L −1 , Ni primarily crystalized as Ni-struvite (NiNH 4 PO 4 ·6H 2 O), as detected by QXRD. At higher Ni concentrations of 25–100 mg·L −1 , the co-precipitation of amorphous Ni phosphate(s) (e.g., Ni 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ) and Ni hydroxide (e.g., Ni(OH) 2 ) was identified by XANES. Specifically, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis detected the formation of amorphous Mg hydroxide(s) and phosphate(s) at Ni of 25–100 mg·L −1 . The overall results revealed that Ni formed Ni-OH and Ni-PO 4 on struvite surface at 0.1–1 mg·L −1 , whereas Ni precipitated as separated phases (e.g. Ni-struvite, Ni hydroxide and phosphate) at 10–100 mg·L −1 . The existence of Ni disturbed the crystal growth of struvite and promoted the formation of Ni-struvite, amorphous products during struvite formation.
研究领域:
环境科学
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化学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Environmental Technology & Innovation
·
2023
·
IF 7.1
Lianpeng Sun,Yuhao Yang,Weifang Yuan,Xueya Wu,Zikun Cui,Hao Wang,Huanzhong Deng,Xinzhe Zhu,Ruohong Li
The practical phosphorus recovery process lacks a useful tool to predict the purity of struvite production, identify the precipitation species and evaluate the influence of impurities on struvite formation. This study developed an integrated struvite purity prediction process based on response surface methodology (RSM) and Visual Minteq combination. The integrated process combined the advantages of the RSM and chemical equilibrium model to predict the purity during the recovery of struvite and identify the impurities in the recovered products. The second-order polynomial models were established by RSM to predict the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency, and struvite purity in the presence of calcium. Visual Minteq was used to simulate precipitation process of impurity groups based on 528 different reaction conditions. Each reaction condition was verified by the RSM results. The precipitation group including struvite, CaHPO 4 , MgHPO 4 , brucite, and Ca 8 H 2 (PO 4 ) 6
⋅ 5H 2 O, with the smallest Z-score root mean square error weighted mean (-0.43), was most suitable for predicting the formation of struvite. The importance of the 5 possible precipitation combinations is ranked. The integrated process reduces the deviation of the prediction results from the reality and provides a useful tool to predict and optimize the quality of recovered products in the field of practical phosphorus recovery process.
研究领域:
环境科学
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化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 8.1
Menghui Yao,Bingzhi Yi,Lingyu Wang,Jiahao Wei,Yanyu Ma,Ling Zhou,Mingyang Chen,Junbo Gong
Phosphorus (P) recovery from wastewater as struvite not only alleviates global P resource shortages but also prevents water eutrophication caused by wastewater discharge. This study presents a sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS)-assisted struvite crystallization method (SASC method) to recover P as the struvite crystalline microspheres with uniform particle size (27.51 ± 3.60 μm), high sphericity (roundness = 0.91 ± 0.04), and good dispersibility (no aggregation) under various operating conditions with different N/P/Mg molar ratios and magnesium sources. Mechanism of microsphere formation and the regulation of modifier type and process parameters (SDBS concentration, initial pH, and stirring rate) on microsphere formation are explored in detail to realize the controllable fabrication of microspheres. Compared with common struvite crystals, microspheres have more outstanding performance in multiple applications. Specifically, microspheres have improved powder properties including bulk density and fluidity, better slow-release fertilizer performance, that is, slower dissolution in water and soil, and the ability to prepare superior mesoporous phosphate materials with better macroscopic morphology and higher loading capacity. Thus, this study markedly improves the multiple application performance of struvite by designing and controlling the product morphology based on its simplicity and efficiency. These provide new insights into recovering P in the form of struvite with excellent quality, thereby enhancing the economic value of the recycled products of P recovery from wastewater
研究领域:
环境科学
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化学工程
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废物管理
·
材料科学
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DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS
·
2026
·
IF 5.2
Xin-Yi Tong,Wei-Jian Nong,Zhang Jia-Yi,Jian-Ming Ouyang
Current research on magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (MAP) stones has focused exclusively on MAP crystal formation, while the mechanisms by which MAP crystals damage macrophages and contribute to stone formation remain unreported. Given the prevalence of urinary tract inflammation and cellular injury in MAP stone patients, and the pivotal role of macrophages in inflammation, this study investigated the interaction between MAP crystals and macrophages, as well as their potential effects on MAP stone formation. MAP crystals (≈4 μm) were synthesized, characterized, and their interaction with macrophages, cytotoxicity, and expression of key proteins in the caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis pathway were detected. Results showed MAP crystals had significant cytotoxicity. Besides canonical endocytosis and adhesion, they induced macrophage extracellular traps (METs), a newly identified interaction between MAP crystals and macrophages. MAP crystals also triggered massive migrasome production to exacerbate local inflammation (not observed in MAP-saturated solution) and induced more pronounced macrophage pyroptosis than MAP solution. In conclusion, MAP crystals induce METs formation, migrasome production, and pyroptosis in macrophages, impairing the macrophage biomembrane system and exacerbating inflammation, thereby increasing stone formation risk, providing a scientific basis for elucidating MAP stone formation mechanisms.
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 3.3
Lijing Wang,Shaowen Du,Sai Yao,Yibo Guo,Qi Yang,Haijun Zhang
Struvite (MgNH 4 PO 4 ·6H 2 O) exhibits strong fire-extinguishing properties due to its chemical structure, which resembles that of the widely used ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP). The crystalline water within struvite contributes to its enhanced cooling effect. However, its relatively low pyrolysis temperature range (60 °C–300 °C) restricts its efficiency in high-temperature fires (e.g., 600 °C), where pure struvite struggles to penetrate the flame base. To overcome this limitation, a composite powder was developed by coating struvite with ammonium polyphosphate (APP), a compound known for its high thermal stability. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and TGA-IR were used to investigate the fire-extinguishing mechanism. Results showed that the incorporation of APP extended the thermal decomposition range of struvite, with the 15 wt% APP composite demonstrating optimal performance. This composite exhibited a multifaceted fire-extinguishing action: releasing water vapor for cooling, ammonia for flame suppression, and solid residues that formed a protective layer to isolate the flame from the fuel. Consequently, the composite powder demonstrated superior fire-extinguishing performance, outperforming traditional ADP powder in oil pool fire tests, demonstrating its potential for practical fire suppression applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
消防工程
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无机化学
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热力学
·
安全工程
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高影响因子
Water
·
2020
·Vol. 12
·期 4
·946
·
IF 2.544
Qiang Li,Song Wang,Lifang Wang,Li Zhang,Xiaohui Wan,Zhiguo Sun
Phosphorus recovery from industrial wastewater has attracted considerable interest. In this study, struvite crystallization method has been used for treatment of high phosphorus wastewater. The new combination agents of Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·4H2O and NH4Cl were used as the precipitant. The effects of initial pH, n(Mg):n(P), n(N):n(P), and reaction time on the removal of total phosphorus (TP) in wastewater were investigated. The results showed that under the condition of initial pH = 4, Mg:N:P = 1.2:1.1:1, reaction time for 30 min, and static storage for 20 min, the residual amount of TP in wastewater was 2.98 mg /L, and the removal rate of TP reached 99.99%. The mass fraction of P2O5in the generated sediment reached 25.22%, equivalent to high grade phosphate ore and slow-release fertilizer, so as to realize the recycling and utilization of phosphorus in ultra-high phosphorous wastewater. This work will have practical application potential in treatment of high phosphorus wastewater and environmental management.Keywords:struvite crystallization method;environmental management;ultra-high phosphorus wastewater;basic magnesium carbonate;phosphorus recovery
研究领域:
环境工程
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废水处理
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资源回收
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DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）