Desalination and Water Treatment
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2024
·
IF 1
Cheng-Han Lee,Wei-Sheng Chen,Jun-Yi Wu
Cesium can be widely used in many industries now. However, the primary reservoir of cesium is often located in high mountains and deserts, so it is challenging to obtain cesium resources. To solve this problem, cesium was recovered from waste desalination brine through Dowex G26 resin in this study. Due to the lack of water resources, desalination technology was developed since the 20th century. Nevertheless, its by-product, brine, is harmful to the environment. To reduce the threat of waste brine, this experiment aims to provide a simple procedure to recover cesium resources from brine. The study could be divided into three parts. First, the adsorption isotherms and the thermodynamics parameters such as enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy of cesium adsorption were investigated. In the second part, the batch experiments would explore the optimal adsorptive period, pH value, and liquid-solid ratio (L/S ratio) of cesium adsorption through Dowex G26 resin. The results showed that the adsorption of cesium fit with the Langmuir model, and the reaction was spontaneous. On the other hand, cesium could be recovered efficiently under the conditions of 4 min of contacting time, pH 9, and L/S ratio of 1,000. After adsorbing, the cesium could be desorbed through nitric acid, and solid cesium nitrate would be obtained by drying the desorbed solutions. In the end, the Dowex G26 system would be compared with the t-BAMBP/kerosene system and t-BAMBP/C 2 mimNTf 2 system to demonstrate its advantages and drawbacks.
研究领域:
环境科学
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化学工程
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材料科学
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资源回收技术
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吸附技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2024
·
IF 12.2
Kaizhong Li,Li Wang,Lei Zhang
The widespread use of nuclear energy has raised concerns about nuclear safety and radioactive waste management, particularly due to the release of radioactive cesium. This study investigates the use of t-BAMBP (4-tert-butyl-2-(α-methylbenzyl) phenol) for the extraction and separation of cesium from simulate high concentration cesium containing wastewater, focusing on the selection of suitable diluents to enhance the efficiency of the process. We performed a systematic study using density functional theory (DFT) calculations to evaluate the intrinsic properties and interactions of various common diluents with t-BAMBP. The diluents studied include aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, xylene), alkanes (cyclohexane, hexane, heptane), and alcohols (hexanol, octanol). Our computational results revealed that cyclohexane is the most suitable diluent due to its moderate solvation-free energy, high nonpolarity, and optimal balance between solubility and reactivity. Experimental validation confirmed the computational findings. The cyclohexane-diluted t-BAMBP system achieved the highest cesium extraction efficiency of over 94 %, with a separation factor ( β Cs/K ) of 767.67. Cyclohexane demonstrated the lowest toxicity and cost among the diluents evaluated, making it a safer and more economical choice for practical applications. The results of this study provide a comprehensive theoretical and experimental basis for the selection of diluents in the t-BAMBP extraction system, offering insights for the sustainable utilization of cesium resources and effective management of radioactive waste.
研究领域:
核能安全
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放射性废物管理
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计算化学
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Separations
·
2023
·Vol. 10
·期 1
·42
·
IF 2.6
Junjie Xie,Kang Li,Zhuonan Shi,Changli Min,Shina Li,Zichen Yin,Ruixin Ma
Solvent extraction with 4-tert-butyl-2-(α-methylbenzyl) phenol (t-BAMBP) is an effective method for the separation and purification of rubidium and cesium. A solution containing a high K+concentration (exceeding 80 g/L), which was ultra-salty, with about 200 g/L alkali metal ions, was used to extract Rb+and Cs+. The effects of the process parameters on the separation of cesium and rubidium were systematically studied. The optimum conditions were as follows: NaOH concentration of 0.5 mol/L, t-BAMBP concentration of 1 mol/L (in sulfonated kerosene), organic/aqueous volume ratio (O/A ratio) of 3:1, and contact time of 1 min. The extraction rates of cesium and rubidium were 99.81 and 98.09%, respectively, and 19.31% of potassium was co-extracted in the organic phase after five-stage countercurrent extraction. About 99.32% of K+in the organic phase could be removed after five-stage countercurrent scrubbing with deionized water at an O/A ratio of 2:1 for 2 min. When 0.5 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution was used as detergent, almost all of the cesium and rubidium (>99%) could be recovered by two-stage countercurrent stripping at an O/A ratio of 3:1 for 2 min. A solid compound was found and collected from the organic phase during multi-stage solvent extraction. Its composition and structure were determined by XRD, infrared Fourier-transform, and ICP-MS.Keywords:t-BAMBP;rubidium;cesium;potassium;extraction complex
研究领域:
化学工程
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分析化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
HYDROMETALLURGY
·
2024
·
IF 4.8
Xinyu Cheng,Dong Shi,Yuze Zhang,Xiaowu Peng,Shaolei Xie,Lijuan Li,Yong Niu,Yuxuan Wang,Fugen Song
Cesium is an important strategic resource, and solvent extraction is the most frequently used technology for its extraction from various minerals and brines. However, this common method faces operational and cost problems owing to large alkali consumption. A synergistic extraction system consisting of 4- tert -butyl-2-(α-methylbenzyl) phenol (t-BAMBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) was designed and used to extract Cs + from an alkali-free solution. The effects of variables such as: (i) pH, (ii) concentration of t-BAMBP and D2EHPA, (iii) temperature, (iv) Cs + concentration, and (v) coexisting cations, on the Cs + extraction performance of the synergistic system were investigated. The most suitable organic phase composition was 1.0 mol/L t-BAMBP and 0.1 mol/L D2EHPA in kerosene, and the synergistic coefficient was up to 57 at 25 °C and an organic/aqueous phase volume ratio of 1/1. The extraction sequence of cations using the t-BAMBP–D2EHPA synergistic system followed the descending order Cs + > Rb + > Ca 2+ > K + > Li + > Mg 2+ > Na + . The chemical formula of the extracted species was determined as [CsA(HA)(ROH) 2 ] using the slope method. The Cs + extraction process is an exothermic reaction with an enthalpy ( ΔH o ) of −55.3 kJ mol −1 , confirmed by the thermodynamic study. After three-stage countercurrent extraction, the extraction efficiency of Cs + was 92.6%, demonstrating excellent selectivity from coexisting cations. The t-BAMBP–D2EHPA synergistic system showed outstanding economic and environmental advantages and a good application prospect to develop a conceptual process flowsheet for extraction with this system and stripping with HCl to separate cesium salt from salt-lake brine.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 9.1
Zhen Zeng,Fengfeng Gao,Yu Zhao,Xiaohan Xing,Can Wang,Xiao Du,Xiaogang Hao,Xiumin Li
A novel 4-tert-butyl-2-(α-methylbenzyl) phenol/bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate/ Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (t-BAMBP/P204/MWCNTs) supported liquid membrane (SLM) was prepared via an in-situ impregnation method. The MWCNTs network effectively anchored the t-BAMBP/P204 synergistic extractants, enhancing membrane stability. Through proton exchange and coordination interactions, this membrane efficiently extracts Cs + in weakly alkaline environments. A systematic investigation was conducted into the effects of MWCNTs, t-BAMBP and P204 ratios, diluent ratio (kerosene: cyclohexane), pH value, and temperature on Cs + extraction performance. In this system, at equal concentrations (C Cs+, Rb+ = 200 ppm), the Cs + permeation flux reached 25.2 mmol/m 2 /h, and the Cs + /Rb + separation coefficient was 8.90. In selective permeation experiments conducted in a mixed solution containing equal concentrations of Cs + , Rb + , K + , Na + , and Li + , the separation factors for Cs + /Li + , Cs + /Na + , Cs + /K + , and Cs + /Rb + were 144.6, 45.75, 18.09, and 8.93, respectively. Furthermore, the t-BAMBP/P204/MWCNs SLM was applied to the extraction and separation of cesium from simulated lithium mica lithium-extraction tail liquor, and the system demonstrated excellent selectivity. The separation factors for Cs + /Li + , Cs + /Na + , Cs + /K + , Cs + /Rb + , Cs + /Mg 2+ , and Cs + /Ca 2+ reached 380.67, 571, 76.13, 16.79, 17.57, and 3.525, respectively. Following ten permeation experiments, both the Cs + permeation flux and the separation factors of Cs + /Rb + maintained high cycle stability. Through slope analysis and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, it was confirmed that Cs + coordinates with t-BAMBP and P204 to form compounds with the chemical formulae [(ROCs)·(ROH)], [(ACs)·(HA)], and [CsOR·ROH(HA)]. Additionally, Cs + was found to form complexes with the two extractants individually. DFT calculations indicated that the reaction process was predominantly governed by the formation of complexes between t-BAMBP dimers and Cs + . This study presents a promising new method for Cs + recovery based on membrane separation processes.
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
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