WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2021
·Vol. 83
·期 8
·2038-2050
·
IF 1.915
Li Changyu,Sheng Yanqing
Vivianite crystallization is a promising route for phosphorus (P) recovery from P-rich wastewater. However, organic matter (OM) in wastewater may influence vivianite formation. In this study, the effects of four representative OMs, glucose, bovine serum albumin (BSA), humic acid (HA) and sodium alginate (SA), on P recovery by vivianite were investigated. The results showed that P recovery efficiency was inhibited by HA and SA, declining by 3.7% and 12.1% under HA (100 mg/L) and SA (800 mg/L), respectively. BSA, HA and SA affected the aggregated form of vivianite crystals. Vivianite particle size decreased in the presence of HA and SA. Subsequent mechanistic exploration indicated that the complexation between the OM and Fe 2+ was the main cause of P recovery efficiency reduction. The coprecipitation of HA and SA with vivianite could reduce the zeta potential on the crystal surface, resulting in a smaller particle size. The nucleation sites provided by BSA and SA could transfer vivianite from single plate-like agglomerate to multilayer plate-like agglomerate. This study provided a better understanding of P recovery by vivianite from OM-rich wastewater. Glucose, BSA, HA and SA affected vivianite crystallization from wastewater. OM might reduce P recovery rate by competition adsorption of Fe 2+ . The morphology of vivianite crystals were different under SA and BSA. Negative correlation presented between OM and Fe/P ratios during crystallization.
研究领域:
环境科学
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水处理技术
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材料科学
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DOI
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
·
2025
·
IF 7.7
Pu Wang,Xiaofeng Liu,Fang Liu,Wei Zhan,Yongdong Chen,Weichen Zhu,Yongqiang Wang,Qiyou Liu,Chunshuang Liu,Jun Lu,Yu Tian
Phosphorus (P) recovery is critical for sustainable resource management, given its non-renewable nature and geopolitical supply risks. This study addresses the limitations of conventional approaches for inducing vivianite crystallization in wastewater, including low yield per unit volume, limited phosphorus recovery efficiency, and low vivianite purity. To overcome these challenges, we propose a two-stage hybrid strategy that combines chemical precipitation with microbially induced recrystallization under semi-solid conditions. In the first stage, iron-based coagulation captures the majority of phosphate as amorphous Fe–P complexes. In the subsequent stage, dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria (DIRB) facilitate the reduction of Fe(Ⅲ) and drive its recrystallization into vivianite. Compared with liquid-phase crystallization, this approach supports higher P loading, thereby improving spatial efficiency and enhancing vivianite purity. Batch experiments demonstrated that increasing the solid content consistently enhanced the vivianite fraction in the product, achieving a maximum P recovery efficiency of 97.7 % and a vivianite purity of 92.6 %, which is markedly superior to other reported crystallization methods. Microbial community analysis revealed Trichlorobacter and Geobacter are key dissimilatory Fe-reducing genera driving the recrystallization of precipitates to vivianite. Successful application to real sludge digestion liquor confirmed the method's robustness.
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高影响因子
WATER RESEARCH
·
2024
·
IF 11.4
Zhangyi Xu,Ziyuan Huang,Han Li,Shishu Zhu,Zhenchao Lei,Chengshuai Liu,Fangyuan Meng,Jeng-Lung Chen,Tsung-Yi Chen,Chunhua Feng
Iron minerals in nature are pivotal hosts for heavy metals, significantly influencing their geochemical cycling and eventual fate. It is generally accepted that, vivianite, a prevalent iron phosphate mineral in aquatic and terrestrial environments, exhibits a limited capacity for adsorbing cationic heavy metals. However, our study unveils a remarkable phenomenon that the synergistic interaction between sulfide (S 2− ) and vivianite triggers an unexpected sulfidation−reoxidation process, enhancing the immobilization of heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). For instance, the combination of vivianite and S 2− boosted the removal of Cd 2+ from the aqueous phase under anaerobic conditions, and ensured the retention of Cd stabilized in the solid phase when shifted to aerobic conditions. It is intriguing to note that no discrete FeS formation was detected in the sulfidation phase, and the primary crystal structure of vivianite largely retained its integrity throughout the whole process. Detailed molecular-level investigations indicate that sulfidation predominantly targets the Fe(II) sites at the corners of the PO4 tetrahedron in vivianite. With the transition to aerobic conditions, the exothermic oxidation of CdS and the S sites in vivianite initiates, rendering it thermodynamically favorable for Cd to form multidentate coordination structures, predominantly through the Cd-O-P and Cd-O-Fe bonds. This mechanism elucidates how Cd is incorporated into the vivianite structure, highlighting a novel pathway for heavy metal immobilization via the sulfidation−reoxidation dynamics in iron phosphate minerals.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
地球化学
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PubMed
高影响因子
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
·
2022
·
IF 10.753
Zexuan He,Jifei Chang,Yujie Feng,Shu Wang,Qing Yuan,Danhui Liang,Jia Liu,Nan Li
Vivianite widely existed in digested sludge and activated sludge as a potential phosphate resource recovered from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). As an important product of extracellular electron transfer (EET) and biological iron reduction, the production of vivianite can be enhanced by conductive materials. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with excellent electrical conductivity have been reported to promote electron transfer, which was applied in wastewater treatment to accelerate the degradation of the contaminants. However, the impact of CNTs on vivianite formation was barely reported. In this study, the iron reduction, vivianite recovery, and the biotoxicity of CNTs were investigated in order to determine the influence of CNTs towards the vivianite production. The enhancement of vivianite production after CNTs adding reached up to 17 % by promoting the electron transfer between dissimilative iron-reducing bacteria (DIRB) and Fe(III). However, at the initial stage (0–24 h), Fe(III) reduction efficiency decreased by 81 % after inoculating with sewage sludge, which was attributed to CNTs destroying of the cell membrane (as indicated by SEM, CLSM and AFM analysis). The biotoxicity of CNTs stimulated DIRB to secret extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and form bio-flocs to resist the physical puncture. After 48 h, the proportion of living DIRB in 1000 mg/L CNTs batch increased to 98 %, which was 79 % higher than 12 h. As a result, the vivianite recovery of raw sewage with 1000 mg/L CNTs increased to 44 ± 1 %, which was 33 % higher than that in the CNT-0.
研究领域:
环境科学
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废水处理
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纳米技术
·
微生物学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
·
2023
·
IF 11.1
Shu Wang,Nanqi Ren,Danhui Liang,Jifei Chang,Xin Wang,Jiaguo Yan,Xiang Cheng,Lili Dong,Nan Li
Vivianite is an important bio-induced product of dissimilated iron reduction (DIR), which exists widely in activated sludge and digested sludge of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) surrounding dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria (DIRB) were reported to be transient media for microbial extracellular electron transfer (EET) and DIR. However, what happens when a layer of EPS envelops microbial cells during vivianite recovery? This study tried to assess the relationship between iron reduction and electron transfer by stripping EPS layer-by-layer, then clarified the delamination of different EPS layers on the performance of vivianite recovery. After stripping total EPS (PC-EPS batches) of DIRB, the Fe (III) reduction efficiencies ( R Fe ), Fe (III) reduction rate ( V Fe ), and vivianite formation efficiency ( R V ) decreased by 33%, 37%, and 30%, respectively. Tightly bound-EPS (TB-EPS) was confirmed to play a crucial role in vivianite formation, which contributed 28–51% to vivianite recovery and 34–55% to iron reduction. Electronic shuttle substances were contained in TB-EPS, which enhanced the EET rate and efficiency between cells and Fe (III). The polysaccharide content of TB-EPS was positively related to adhesiveness between cells and mineral, as well as the iron reduction efficiency. Furthermore, redox proteins (PpcA, OmcB) were embedded in EPS, which shortened the distance of electron hopping to across the EPS layer and further accelerated vivianite recovery from wastewater. Long-term operation of anaerobic reactors confirmed that TB-EPS played critical roles in bio-induced vivianite formation.
研究领域:
环境科学
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微生物学
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污水处理
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生物地球化学
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DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Sciences
·
2025
·
IF 6.3
Junhui Li,Hanjie Chen,Hongling Bu,Yanfu Wei,Meiqing Chen,Wenpo Xu,Xiangying Hao,Peng Yuan
The interaction between divalent iron (Fe(II)) and humic substances (HS) is crucial for geochemical cycles in terrestrial and aquatic environments, influencing soil phosphorus (P) cycling and aquatic eutrophication. However, the impact of Fe(II)-HS interactions on P sequestration remains unclear. This research employed controlled lab experiments and advanced characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), to study the mechanisms of P fixation by Fe(II)-HS complexes under neutral pH and anaerobic conditions. Results indicate that Fe(II) availability is crucial for P fixation, more so than HS content. Elevated Fe/P ratios boost P removal by encouraging vivianite formation, even in the presence of HS, reducing dissolved P to below 0.3 mg/L at Fe/P of 2.2. HS primarily hinders P adsorption through competitive ligand exchange. Solution pH also impacts P fixation, with higher pH levels (≥7) enhancing P immobilization. While HS binds Fe(II) and prevents hydrolysis, Fe(II) hydrolysis products like Fe(OH) 2 /Fe(OH) 3 − can co-precipitate and remove P. XRD analysis indicated vivianite crystals form at pH 7, but their diffraction peak intensity decreases under acidic or alkaline conditions, with formation controlled by Fe species and HS. The potential pathways of P in the Fe(II)-HS system include P combining with Fe(II) to form vivianite, P combining with HS to form HS-P composites, and P combining with Fe(II)-OM species to form carbon-containing vivianite. These insights improve understanding of the Fe-C-P biogeochemical cycle and P mobility in natural environments.
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高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
·
2026
·
IF 7.7
Teng Bao,Cheng long Li,Wei Wei,Mekdimu Mezemir Damtie,Zhijie Chen,Haijiao Xie,Bing-Jie Ni
Antibiotics (e.g., ofloxacin) pollution is an emerging environmental concern due to its persistence and potential health risks. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) offer promising solutions, yet their practical application is often limited by catalyst cost and stability. Here, we report the use of natural vivianite—a low-cost iron phosphate mineral—as an efficient peroxymonosulphate (PMS) activator for ofloxacin degradation. Under the optimised conditions, 97 % of ofloxacin was effectively degraded within 60 min. The ofloxacin degradation ratio could still reach 76 % after three consecutive cycles. Mechanistic investigations revealed Mn 2+ and Co 2+ isomorphic substitutions within the vivianite lattice, which induced electron cloud redistribution and promoted the formation of metal–oxygen–metal and metal–oxygen bonds. These structural changes enhanced charge transfer and facilitated PMS adsorption and activation via both surface-bound sites and leached phosphate species. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed that degradation proceeded through synergistic radical (·OH, SO 4 · - , O 2 · - ) and non-radical ( 1 O 2 ) pathways. Importantly, the degradation products exhibited significantly lower toxicity than ofloxacin itself, underscoring the environmental relevance of this process. These findings highlight the potential of natural vivianite as a cost-effective and sustainable PMS activator for antibiotic removal in water treatment applications.
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高影响因子
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture
·
2025
·Vol. 12
·期 1
·1-14
·
IF 5.2
Sha Muzhi,Wang Yunlong,Diao Junpeng,Savaldi-Goldstein Sigal,Wang Qian
Background Vivianite is an intensively studied phosphorus (P) recovery product from wastewater treatment plants. However, its downstream application has not been well-addressed thus restricting P cycling. This study investigated the P fertilizer efficiency of vivianite in pot experiments using ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum L.) and tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) with two soilless growing media (perlite and quartz). The variation of vivianite during fertilization was examined to elucidate the mechanisms of P release from vivianite, using a recently developed sequential P extraction protocol coupled with light microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Results The mineral fertilizer equivalence (MFE) of vivianite was determined by comparing the P uptake by plants under vivianite treatment to that under mineral P fertilizer treatment, i.e., Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 in this study. It shows that the vivianite-P uptake of ryegrass was positively correlated with time in a 3-month period and its uptake in quartz was faster than that in perlite, leading to a higher MFE of vivianite in quartz than in perlite (15.8–20.3% vs 6.6–7.4%). This should be attributed to the higher P adsorption capacity and lower hydraulic conductivity of perlite, which restricted the vivianite-P dissolution and mobility. The vivianite variation revealed that vivianite-P was mainly released upon vivianite oxidation to ferric (hydr)oxides in perlite, probably given the high aeration condition in this type of growing medium. In quartz, however, the release of vivianite-P was most likely due to vivianite dissolution driven by the plant uptake of P, during which a higher plant uptake of Fe was observed than that in perlite. Conclusions The findings reveal that vivianite can serve as a slow-release P fertilizer, and its fertilizer efficiency is highly related to the properties of the growing media. Quartz is a preferred growing medium over perlite for the efficient fertilization of this sparingly soluble P source. The findings deepen the understanding of P fertilization of vivianite and lay foundation to its utilization as a slow-release P fertilizer for a circular economy of P. Graphical
研究领域:
农学
·
土壤学
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环境科学
·
植物营养
·
肥料技术
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高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Sciences
·
2022
·
IF 6.796
Xinrui Hao,Jie Tang,Xiaoyun Yi,Kun Gao,Qian Yao,Chunhua Feng,Weilin Huang,Zhi Dang
Vivianite is often found in reducing environments rich in iron and phosphorus from organic debris degradation or phosphorus mineral dissolution. The formation of vivianite is essential to the geochemical cycling of phosphorus and iron elements in natural environments. In this study, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were selected as the source of phosphorus. Microcosm experiments were conducted to test the evolution of mineralogy during the reduction of polyferric sulfate flocs (PFS) by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 ( S. oneidensis MR-1) at EPS concentrations of 0, 0.03, and 0.3 g/L. Vivianite was found to be the secondary mineral in EPS treatment when there was no phosphate in the media. The EPS DNA served as the phosphorus source and DNA-supplied phosphate could induce the formation of vivianite. EPS impedes PFS aggregation, contains redox proteins and stores electron shuttle, and thus greatly promotes the formation of minerals and enhances the reduction of Fe(III). At EPS concentration of 0, 0.03, and 0.3 g/L, the produced HCl-extractable Fe(II) was 107.9, 111.0, and 115.2 mg/L, respectively. However, when the microcosms remained unstirred, vivianite can be formed without the addition of EPS. In unstirred systems, the EPS secreted by S. oneidensis MR-1 could agglomerate at some areas, resulting in the formation of vivianite in the proximity of microbial cells. It was found that vivianite can be generated biogenetically by S. oneidensis MR-1 strain and EPS may play a key role in iron reduction and concentrating phosphorus in the oligotrophic ecosystems where quiescent conditions prevail.
研究领域:
微生物学
·
环境科学
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PubMed
高影响因子
WATER RESEARCH
·
2026
·
IF 12.8
Shang Yang,Andong Hu,Ruiyuan Wang,Wei Yu,Xiaofeng Wu,Yuefei Huang,Shungui Zhou,Bing Li,Guangqian Wang
Vivianite serves as a stable phosphorus sink in anaerobic sediments, playing a decisive role in mitigating internal phosphorus-loading and governing global P geochemical cycling. Typically concentrated at organic-rich sediment–water interfaces, vivianite formation is traditionally viewed through microbial ferric iron reduction, where dissolved organic matter (DOM) acts as a metabolic carbon source or an electron shuttle. However, these paradigms overlook the intrinsic semiconductor-like properties of DOM. Here, we demonstrate a previously unrecognized abiotic pathway whereby a DOM-mediated photoelectric process drives ferric iron reduction and vivianite formation. Ferrous iron rapidly accumulated to 31.74 ± 0.36 mg L -1 within 24 h, and vivianite eventually accounted for 32.7% of the precipitated phosphorus. Mechanistically, light-excited DOM generates transient reducing equivalents that promote ferric iron reduction and phosphate release, while concomitant reactive oxygen species (ROS) consume part of the reducing power and contribute to DOM self-transformation, thereby regulating reaction kinetics. This light-driven mineralization scales systematically with DOM concentration and light intensity, confirming that the photogenerated electrons provide a previously overlooked abiotic route for vivianite formation. Unlike traditional microbially-driven models that rely on organic carbon bioavailability, this light-triggered abiotic pathway bypasses metabolic constraints and directly links solar energy flux to benthic phosphorus immobilization. Our findings reveal that at sunlit sediment–water interfaces enriched in chromophoric DOM, this photoelectric mechanism represents a previously overlooked but critical driver for internal phosphorus cycling, providing a new theoretical basis for predicting and managing phosphorus fate under changing photic conditions.
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高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 9.1
Shilong Wang,SuNa Wang,Fang Fang,Jiashun Cao,Song Cheng
Seed-mediated vivianite crystallization offers a sustainable route for recovering phosphorus (P) from wastewater while producing a value-added ferrous-phosphate product. However, fines formation and the absence of mechanism-based design strategies still constrain its application. Herein, a seed-mediated approach was developed to control the crystallization process and simultaneously elucidate the coupled nucleation–growth mechanism. At a supersaturation index (SI) of 10.83 with 0–50 μm seeds at 6 g/L, P recovery efficiency reached 96.32%, and the mean particle size increased 4.6-fold to 65.83 μm. A low-hydration amorphous ferrous phosphate (AM-FP) initially forms on seed surfaces, and then undergoes solid-state transformation into crystalline vivianite driven by hydration. As crystalline facets develop, solution-mediated ion attachment dominates, promoting crystal coarsening while suppressing new nucleation. This multi-stage process explains the marked reduction of fines and the generation of large, well-ordered crystals suitable for efficient P recovery and separation. The estimated reagent cost of $3.41 per cubic meter is considerably lower than that of struvite recovery ($11.14 per cubic meter), underscoring the economic and technical feasibility of seed-mediated vivianite crystallization for scalable circular-P applications.
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高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
·
2020
·
IF 7.864
Shu Wang,Yu Wu,Jingkun An,Danhui Liang,Lili Tian,Lean Zhou,Xin Wang,Nan Li
Biosynthetic organic matters, such as humus, play important roles in iron and phosphorus cycling in soil and aquatic systems. As an important member of humus, fulvic acid (FA) is ubiquitous in different environmental media, such as water, soil, and sediments. In this study, we fabricated the network among phosphate supply, metabolism pathway of FA, iron reduction, and vivianite recovery at the batch scale. Both the vivianite recovery performance and the content of biosynthetic FA were positively related to the phosphorus dosage. The highest vivianite formation efficiency of 53% was obtained in the Fe/P = 1 batch, accompanied with the maximal iron reduction rate of 2.29 mM·day–1, which was 2.66 times higher than that of the Fe/P = 3 batch. Simultaneously, the highest content of FA was detected in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of the Fe/P = 1 batch. Metabolome analysis revealed that FA biosynthesis was mainly relevant to tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, amino acid metabolism, and purine metabolism, with glutamate and aspartate as the precursors. Sufficient phosphate stimulated the FA biosynthesis by modulating the biosynthesis and transformation of glutamate and aspartate. After adding 10 mg L–1 FA in Fe/P = 1 batch, the maximal iron reduction rate increase by 35%, as well as 12% improvement of the vivianite formation efficiency. Transcriptome revealed that FA promotes iron reduction and vivianite recovery by upregulating the expression of metal ion binding-, flagella-, and electron transfer activity-related genes.
研究领域:
环境微生物学
·
生物地球化学
·
环境工程
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PubMed
高影响因子
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