AF-45 inhibits IRAK4 and IRAK1 , with IC 50 s of 128 nM and 1765 nM. AF-45 inhibits the release of IL-6 and TNF-α in macrophages, with IC 50 s of 0.53-1.54 μM and 0.6-2.75 μM. AF-45 is also an inhibitor for NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway. AF-45 exhibits anti-inflammatory activities against DSS-induced ulcerative colitis and Lipopolysaccharide -induced acute lung injury in mouse model. AF-45 exhibits good pharmacokinetic characteristics in rat models.