A1/A3 AR antagonist 1 (compound 10) is a potent adenosine 1 (A1) and adenosine 3 (A3) receptor dual antagonist with K i s of 36.7 nM, 25.4 nM and 1.47 nM for human A1, human A3 and rat A1, respectively. A1/A3 AR antagonist 1 can be used for researching kidney failure, inflammatory pulmonary diseases, and Alzheimer’s disease.