Arundic acid (ONO-2506) is an astrocyte-modulating agent, which delays the expansion of cerebral infarcts by modulating the activation of astrocytes through inhibition of S-100β synthesis. Arundic acid also increases the expression level of EAAT1 by activating the Akt , ERK , and NF-κB signaling pathways, which has the potential to eliminate excess glutamate and inhibit excitotoxic brain damage or death. Arundic acid has the potential for stroke and Alzheimer’s disease research.