C4H, also known as cinnamate-4-monooxygenase, is mainly found in higher plants, yeast, and fungi. This enzyme catalyzes the hydroxylation of cinnamic acid to produce 4-coumarate, and is the second key enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway after L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase.
Determination Principle: C4H catalyzes the reaction of cinnamic acid and NADPH to produce 4-coumarate and NADP⁺. C4H activity is determined by measuring the rate of NADPH consumption (or NADP⁺ production) at 340 nm.